The Help dialog describes the features available for each menu item in KaleidaGraph. Locate the menu item of interest under ‘Help Topic’ and click on it. A detailed discussion of the menu item will appear under ‘Description’.
Notice that the menus in the menu bar are available. Selecting a menu item (even if it is disabled) allows you to automatically jump to that part of the help.
The ‘KaleidaGraph Help’ file should be located in the same folder as KaleidaGraph, in the ‘System folder’ or in a ‘Preferences folder’ in the ‘System folder’. The ‘KaleidaGraph Help’ file is a text document. This makes it possible for you to edit the file so that it might serve your usage more effectively. In fact, any text file can be used as a help document. Next, the very simple text format of the help file is explained so that you may either add additional information to your help file or make your own separate help document.
}
{ Help File Format
The ‘KaleidaGraph Help’ file is a text document. This makes it possible for you to edit the file so that it might serve your usage more effectively. In fact, any text file can be used as a help document. The very simple text format of the help file is explained so that you may either add additional information to your help file or make your own separate help document.
An open brace ‘{‘ at the beginning of a new line designates the beginning of a new Help Topic. If your topic’s label begins immediately after the brace it will be underscored in Help. If your topic’s label begins following 1 or 2 spaces, it will be displayed in a Chicago 12 font. If your topic’s label begins following 3 or more spaces, it will be displayed in a Geneva 12 font. Your help topic label is terminated with a RETURN. Any data entered on lines following the help topic will be treated as the topic’s description. To terminate a description, type a closing brace ‘}’ in the leftmost column of a new line. The topic description will be displayed in Geneva 10, if available, else Geneva 9 will be used.
An Example discussion for the topic ‘Hello’ would be:
{Hello
Data Description line 1
Data Description line 2
etc.
}
If you wish to generate a dashed line separating topics, simply enter:
{-
}
}
{ Shortcuts
There are a number of shortcuts that can be used in KaleidaGraph. Their options are described in the Help Topics that follow. To read about a topic, simply click on it in the ‘Help Topic’ list.
}
{ Dialogs
• Quit Dialog
You can select/deselect check boxes in this dialog by depressing the appropriate key on your keyboard. The keys to use are:
select/deselect Data: d
select/deselect Plots: p
select/deselect Style: s
select/deselect Macros: m
select/deselect Scripts: c
clicking OK: return or enter
clicking None: delete or backspace
clicking Cancel: clear or esc
• OK
You can exit the dialog and accept any changes by typing return or enter.
• Cancel
You can exit the dialog and cancel any changes (if cancel is appropriate) by typing esc or cmd-period.
• OK Button
Double clicking on radio buttons has the same effect as clicking OK in any dialog.
}
{ Closing Windows
• If the Shift Key is depressed while closing a window, the user will NOT be prompted to save the window contents.
}
{ Data Window
• Naming a Data Column
Double click on a column title to get the ‘Column Format’ dialog.
• Inserting a Data Column
Depress the Option Key and click in a Data Window column to insert a column.
• Appending a Data Column
If the current cell is at the window boundary and you depress the Right Arrow Key, a column will automatically be added to the window and the current cell will be moved to the newly created column.
• Re-plotting Data
The re-plot icon in the upper right corner of the data window will rebuild any plot that is attached to the current data window.
}
{ Plot Window
• Editing Legend and/or Axis Labels
Select the Text Tool and double click on the text to be edited.
• Axis Limits
Double click on the Zoom Selection Icon to restore the original data display.
• Data Selection
Double click on the Data Selection Icon to restore the original data selection.
• Plot Tools
Type Tool
space Selection Arrow
T Text Tool
L Line/Arrow Tool
O Current tool in object list
1 Box Tool
2 Round-Rectangle Tool
3 Oval Tool
4 Polygon Tool
5 Arc Tool
6 Bezier Tool
A Table Tool
E Eraser Tool
I Identify Tool
S Data Selection Tool
Z Zoom Selection Tool
Holding down the command key allows you to use the last tool selected.
• Constraining Objects
If the Shift Key is depressed while you are resizing an object on the plot such as a Box, Round Cornered Box, Polygon, Arc, Picture or Axis Frame, the object will be forced to be square. In the case of the Oval, depressing the Shift key while you are resizing the object will force it to be a perfect circle.
• Resizing from the center
If the Option key is depressed while you are resizing any object such as a Box, Round Cornered Box, Polygon, Arc, Picture or Axis Frame, the object will be resized from its center.
• Picture Aspect Ratio
By default, pictures are forced to maintain the same aspect ratio as the original when they are resized. If the Shift Key is depressed, while you are resizing a picture (that has been pasted into the plot or read from a MacDraw PICT file), the new picture can be set to any aspect ratio and size. Pictures which contain either circles or text will look much better when plotted, if the aspect ratio is held constant.
• Line/Arrow Rotation
If you depress the Shift key while you are adjusting a line/arrow, the rotation of the object will be set to 45 degree increments.
}
{ Formula Entry
• The contents of the formula window can be cut or copied to the clipboard by selecting the contents with your mouse and typing cmd-C for copy.
• If the formula entry window is in the background and you want to bring it to the front with a particular function key selected, simply depress the function key of interest (if you have an extended keyboard) or depress the Command key and while holding it down, depress the number of the function key you wish to select.
• The Posted Note, in the formula entry window, provides an internal text editor where multiple functions can be strung together. Each function, in a multi-line string, must end with a semi-colon except for the last function in the list. To execute a multi-line function, click the OK button in the text editor and then click the RUN button in the formula entry window.
}
{ Edit Menu
• Cut
If the OPTION or SHIFT key is depressed while this item is selected, the column titles will be cut along with the data to the Clipboard.
• Copy
If the OPTION or SHIFT key is depressed while this item is selected, the column titles will be copied along with the data to the Clipboard.
• Paste
By default, column titles are not changed when the clipboard is pasted into a data window. If the OPTION or SHIFT key is depressed while this item is selected, then the titles of the selected columns will be replaced with the first row of the clipboard.
• Clear
By default, if the entire column is selected, the column titles will not be erased. If the OPTION or SHIFT key is depressed while this item is selected, the titles will be cleared along with the data.
}
{ Gallery Menu
• A command key shortcut (cmd-D by default) is available in the Gallery for reselecting a plot type from the keyboard. This command key equivalent is always associated with the last plot type selected from the Gallery Menu.
• When the plot window is the front most window and you select a menu item from the Gallery Menu, a dialog will appear that allows you to ‘Replot’ the variables used in the existing plot with the type just selected. This allows you to quickly switch between different displays of the same data.
• To plot a subset of a column or a group of columns, make the appropriate selection in the data window with your cursor before you select the plot type from the Gallery Menu.
}
{ Curve Fit Menu
• Cmd-A will select all the variables.
• Polynomial
If the OPTION Key is depressed when the menu item Polynomial is selected, the previous polynomial value will be used. That is, the order of the polynomial used will be the same as the order used the last time you selected Polynomial from the Plot Menu.
• Weighted
If the OPTION Key is depressed when Weighted is selected, the dialog will not be displayed and the current values will be used for the curve fit.
Cmd-period can be used to abort a Weighted Curve fit at any time.
• General
Cmd-period can be used to abort a General Curve fit at any time.
The General Curve fit uses the Calculator, ALL of the calculator. Almost all memory registers, alpha registers and program space are clobbered when a General fit is performed.
}
{Plot Tools
The plot tool palette contains the tools you will use to create and edit items in the plot window. The palette appears automatically when you open or create a plot. Select a tool by clicking on it.
The palette can be moved by clicking its title bar and dragging it to a new location.
• Selection Arrow - for selecting and moving objects
• Text Tool - for adding and modifying labels
• Line Tool - for adding lines and arrows.
• Object Tool - for adding Boxes, Round
Cornered Boxes, Ovals, Polygons, Arcs and Bezier curves.
• Table Tool - for creating data tables to show with a plot
• Eraser Tool - for erasing objects
• Identify Tool - for identifying coordinates
• Align Tool - for aligning selected objects
• Data Selection Tool - for graphically filtering your data
• Zoom Selection Tool - for zooming in on selected data
}
{ Selection Arrow
The Selection Arrow is the default tool in the palette. It is selected whenever you create a new plot in KaleidaGraph. Also, most tool selections revert to the Selection Arrow after being used. This tool is used to select, move and resize objects in the plot window. Once an object is selected, you can copy, duplicate or delete it.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘Space’ bar will highlight (select) the Selection Arrow in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Selecting Objects
To select an object, position the arrow on top of the object and click the mouse button. Selection handles will appear around the object.
There are three methods for selecting multiple objects in the plot window:
• Use the Selection Arrow to click on the objects one at a time, holding down the shift key when selecting more than one object. Figure 7-2 shows an example of selecting objects one at a time.
• Use the Selection Arrow to click and drag a marquee (selection rectangle) around the objects you want to select. Figure 7-3 shows objects being selected with a marquee.
• Choose the Select All command from the Edit menu to select all of the objects in the plot window.
Note: When multiple objects are selected, changes affect each of the selected objects. For example, if you change the fill pattern, it changes the fill pattern of all selected objects.
}
{ Deselecting Objects
• To deselect all selected objects, click on a blank portion of the plot window.
• To deselect objects one at a time, hold down the shift key while clicking on the object. The object you click is deselected. All other objects remain selected.
}
{ Moving Objects
To move objects in the plot window:
1. Select the objects you want to move.
2. Position the arrow on one of the selected objects and drag it to a new position. As you drag, you will only see an outline of the object. If you drag to the edge of the plot window, the window scrolls.
3. Release the mouse button when the object is in the desired location.
}
{ Resizing Objects
Any object may be resized in the plot window. This includes the plot axes, legend, and any objects created with the drawing tools.
Note: The legend cannot be resized if it only contains a single item.
To resize an object:
1. Select the object you want to resize.
2. Click and drag any one of the handles until the object reaches the desired size.
Note: To resize the object proportionally about its center, hold down the option key when dragging the handle. By holding down the shift key as you drag, you can constrain the shape to a square or circle.
}
{ Text
The Text tool is used to add and modify plot labels. Clicking in the plot window after selecting this tool displays a dialog for entering and modifying the text.
Clicking on this tool and holding down the mouse button displays a pop-up menu which can be used to edit selected text labels. This menu allows you to modify the font, size, style, color, justification, rotation and background of any selected text.
• Shortcuts
Use the Text Tool to select and edit labels that belong to groups such as Legend Text, Axis Tick Labels, Labels in user created groups.
Depressing the ‘T’ key (upper or lower case), will highlight (select) the Text Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Line/Arrow
The Line/Arrow tool is used to add lines or arrows to the plot. Clicking on this tool and holding down the mouse button displays a pop-up menu which contains the lines and arrows that can be drawn.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘L’ key (upper or lower case), will highlight (select) the Line Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Box
The Box tool is used to draw square and rectangular boxes on the plot.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘1’ key, will highlight (select) the Box Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Rounded Rectangle
The Rounded Rectangle tool is used to draw squares and rectangles with rounded corners.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘2’ key, will highlight (select) the Rounded Box Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Oval
The Oval tool is used to draw ovals and circles in the plot window.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘3’ key, will highlight (select) the Oval Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Polygon
The Polygon tool is used to create polygons (multi-sided objects). Polygons consist of multiple line segments connected at the segment end points. They can be either closed (the first and last segments connect) or open (the first and last segments do not connect).
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘4’ key, will highlight (select) the Polygon Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Creating a Polygon
1. From the Tool palette, select the Polygon tool. The arrow changes to a crosshair.
2. Position the crosshair at the point where you want to begin drawing. Then click the mouse button to begin drawing. A small square marks the starting point.
3. Move the mouse to the point where you want the first segment of the polygon to end. By holding down the shift key as you click, you can constrain the segment to rotate in 45° increments.
4. Move the mouse and click again to create the second segment.
5. Continue moving and clicking the mouse until the desired number of segments are created. You can close the polygon by clicking in the hollow square. To leave the polygon open, double-click the mouse, press the return or enter key, or position the crosshair on the tool palette and click.
}
{ Editing a Polygon
1. Select the polygon with the Selection Arrow.
2. Double-click on the curve or choose Edit Object from the Object menu. The four object handles disappear and handles appear at each segment point of the polygon.
3. Position the arrow over each segment point you want to move and drag until the point is in the desired position.
4. When you are finished editing, click outside of the polygon to deselect it.
}
{ Arc Tool
The Arc tool creates an arched line between two points. The arc’s curvature and angle are determined by the position, direction and relative distance of the two points. The direction of the arc’s curve is determined by the initial dragging direction.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘5’ key, will highlight (select) the Arc Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Bezier
You can use the Bezier curve tool to draw complex objects. Bezier curves are irregularly shaped, multi-sided objects that can have curved line segments. They can be either closed (the first and last segments connect) or open (the first and last segments do not connect).
Each segment in a Bezier curve is defined by four points: two anchor points and two direction points. The anchor points determine where the segments begin and end. The direction points, along with the tangent lines that connect them to the anchor points, determine the size and positioning of the curve segments.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘6’ key, will highlight (select) the Bezier Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Creating a Curve
1. From the palette, select the Bezier curve tool. The arrow changes to a crosshair.
2. Position the crosshair at the point where you want to begin drawing and click the mouse button.
3. Move the mouse until the crosshair is where you want the first segment to end.
4. Click and hold the mouse button down. If you release the button, a straight line appears between the points. If you hold down the button and drag, a tangent line appears that allows you to drag the curve into the position you want.
5. Release the mouse button when the segment is the desired shape. The tangent line will disappear and handles will appear at the anchor points.
6. Continue creating more segments and setting the angle and shape of the curve with the tangent lines. The segments will automatically be connected.
7. You can close the curve by clicking in the hollow square. To leave the curve open, double-click the mouse, press the return or enter key, or position the crosshair on the Tool palette and click.
}
{ Editing a Curve
You can change the position of each anchor point and the shape of each curve. If a segment is straight, there is no tangent line and you may only change its position. Segments may be deleted by selecting an anchor point and pressing the delete key.
To edit a Bezier curve:
1. Select the Bezier curve with the Selection Arrow.
2. Double-click on the curve or choose Edit Object from the Object menu. The four object handles disappear and handles appear at each anchor point of the curve.
3. Position the arrow over each anchor point you want to move and drag until the point is in the desired position.
4. Release the mouse button. The tangent line will be displayed with round handles at each direction point. You can drag these handles to control the size and shape of the curves.
5. Select either of the direction points and drag to edit the shape of the curve. The curve is reshaped in the direction you move the handle.
6. Continue moving anchor points and reshaping curves until the curve is the desired shape.
7. When you are finished editing, click outside of the curve to deselect it.
}
{ Table
The Table tool operates in the same manner as the box and line tools. However, the Table tool is most like a small application within a dialog, complete with a full menu bar and command key shortcuts.
A Table may contain up to 64 rows by 16 columns. Each cell may contain a unique text font size, style, color, and justification; horizontal and vertical linestyles; as well as background color and fill. The complete table has a selectable frame style and color.
Text data may be pasted into the table or loaded in from a text file. The text data must be tab separated.
A PICT graphic of your table may be exported to the clipboard with the Copy Table menu item (available in the Table Tool’s Edit Menu).
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘A’ key (upper or lower case), will highlight (select) the Table Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Eraser
The Eraser is used to delete labels and objects from the plot window. Grouped items, such as the legend and axis labels, can also be removed using this tool. The Eraser cannot remove any markers or lines that represent plotted data.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘E’ key (upper or lower case), will highlight (select) the Eraser Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Identify
The Identify Tool is used to find the coordinates of points on the graph. Mouse down on the plot and the X and Y position of the cursor will be displayed in the upper left corner of the plot window. If you drag the Identify cursor around on the plot with the mouse button depressed, the X and Y position displayed will update in real time. When the mouse button is released, the position displayed will disappear.
If you wish to leave the position on the plot, depress the Option key when the mouse button is released and a tag will be left. The tag’s labels will obey all rules of the corresponding axis labels, with the exception of adding one extra digit of accuracy.
• Shortcuts
Depressing the ‘I’ key (upper or lower case), will highlight (select) the Identify Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{ Align
KaleidaGraph has two ways to align objects: the Align tool in the palette and the Align command from the Object menu.
The icons in this menu indicate how your objects will appear after selecting that type of alignment
To align objects:
1. Select the objects that you want to align.
2. Choose either the Align command (from the Object menu) or the Align tool from the palette to display the alignment options.
3. Drag through the menu until the correct icon is highlighted.
}
{ Data Selection Tool
A tool which performs a rather unique function is the Data Selection tool. When this tool is active, it can be used to select a portion of the displayed data (for further plotting and analysis), by enclosing a region of the plot in a polygon (an n sided closed region).
To form a polygon, click on the Data Selection tool and then form line segments around the region to be kept. A line segment is initiated or terminated by clicking with the mouse, thus creating a Bounding Point. A polygon is closed (completed) by clicking on the starting point or by typing Return (you can also double-click to close the polygon). The plot will then be redrawn and only the points that lie within the polygon will remain on the screen.
Note: If the option key is depressed while creating the data selection polygon, only the points that are enclosed in the polygon will be removed.
This function is particularly useful for eliminating outliers from a plot during a regression analysis. After the Data Selection tool is used, all active curve fits will automatically be recalculated based on the remaining data. This allows arbitrary data points to be removed from an analysis in a very selective, graphical fashion.
To return to the original plot, double-click on the Data Selection icon.
• Shortcuts/Tips
Depressing the ‘S’ key (upper or lower case), will highlight (select) the Data Selection Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
Depressing the OPTION key while creating the data selection polygon, will cause the enclosed data to be masked and all other data to be kept.
Any polygon bounding a selection region can have at most 100 bounding points.
Double-clicking on the Data Selection icon will unmask the data in the data window as well as returning you to the original plot in the plot window.
}
{ Zoom Selection
The Zoom Selection icon can be used to quickly change the axis limits. This tool is activated by clicking on its icon in the plot tool list. To use the Zoom Selection icon, take the mouse and drag over a region of the graph. The top left and bottom right corners of the “zoom box” will be used to define the new limits for the plot. This tool has a similar effect as you would get by selecting User defined limits under Axis Options... in the Plot Menu (in fact, User defined limits will give you the exact limits you specify). When zoomed, you can adjust your position by holding down the Option key and, with the mouse, clicking in the direction you wish to move. Double click on the Zoom Selection icon to return to the original plot.
• Shortcut
When a plot window is the front most window on your screen, depressing the ‘Z’ key (upper or lower case), will highlight (select) the Zoom Selection Tool in the plot tool list. Use this method for tool selection as an alternative to clicking on the tool with your mouse.
}
{-
}
{Apple Menu
This menu is a multi-purpose menu. The first item, “About KaleidaGraph...” presents useful information and the “Help...” menu item is what your are currently reading.
Other Apple Menu items are Desk Accessories and different applications executing under MultiFinder.
Desk Accessories:
• Chooser Choose the printer type, AppleShare volumes, Mail servers, etc. from this desk accessory.
• Control Panel Set various options for your system. The Color depth may be set with the 'Monitors' entry. The text hilite color may be set with 'Color'. The background pattern and RAM cache is set with 'General'.
• Alarm Clock Set the current time with this desk accessory.
Note that desk accessories are NOT part of KaleidaGraph, but rather part of your System.
}
{ About KaleidaGraph...
This dialog displays the current version of KaleidaGraph, the amount of free memory, and whether you want to automatically dump old plots when all the free memory is used.
}
{ Help...
You are Here.
Notice that the menus in the menu bar are available. Selecting a menu item (even if it is disabled) allows you to automatically jump to that part of the help.
}
{File Menu
This menu is used to perform file operations for saving, printing or opening documents (style files, macro files, etc.), graphs or data windows.
}
{ New
This command will create a blank data window that is suitable for data entry. Each data window may have up to 256 columns by 32,000 rows (assuming you have that much memory available on your machine). You may not have more than 80 data windows open at one time.
}
{ Open...
This command allows you to open any KaleidaGraph file that has been previously saved. If the data window is active, you may also open Text and Microsoft Excel files. If the plot window is active, this command can open PICT and EPSF files into the plot window.
}
{ Merge...
The Merge command allows you to combine data from a data file with the active data window. This command opens the data file and places it at the current row and column position. If the active data window has never been saved, it will be renamed to the title of the merged data file. Files may be either KaleidaGraph data files, Microsoft Excel files, or Text files.
Note: This command uses the same dialog as the Open command to select the name of the data file. If you attempt to merge two files that will exceed the 256 column limit, only the number of columns needed to reach the limit will be added.
}
{ Close
This command closes the active (front most) data or plot window. The Close command may also be used to close the Macro Calculator, Formula Entry and Plot Script windows. In any of these windows, clicking the close box performs the same function.
Note: If you do not want to save the changes, you can bypass this dialog by pressing the shift key while either clicking the Close box or selecting Close from the File menu.
}
{ Save Data
If a data window is the active window, the Save Data command is displayed. Data is saved in Binary format. If Text format is desired, use the Export command.
}
{ Save Data As...
If a data window is the active window, the Save Data As command is displayed. A dialog is provided by this command that saves the current data window to disk and allows you to specify the filename. This command saves the data in a binary format. If Text format is desired, use the Export command.
}
{ Save Graph
If a plot window is the active window, the Save Graph command is displayed. This command saves the plot with its data, as long as the data window is still open. If you want to save the plot using a different format, use the Export command.
}
{ Save Graph As...
If a plot window is the active window, the Save Graph As command is displayed. A dialog is provided by this command that allows you to specify the directory and filename into which you wish to save your graph. The document created will be a KaleidaGraph document that contains the plot and its data. If you want to save the plot using a different format, use the Export command.
}
{ Save Script
If the Plot Script window is the active window, the Save Script command is displayed. This command saves the current plot script, replacing the contents of the current script file.
}
{ Save Script As...
If the Plot Script window is the active window, the Save Script command is displayed. A dialog is provided by this command that allows you to specify the directory and filename into which you wish to save your script. This command saves the current plot script, replacing the contents of the current script file.
}
{ Import
The Import command allows you to open a variety of files from within KaleidaGraph. When you select Import from the File menu, a sub-menu will appear. Use this sub-menu to select the type of document to be loaded into KaleidaGraph. The standard Open dialog will be displayed, no matter which type of file you specify. Only files that are the same type as what you select from the sub-menu are displayed. For example, if you choose to import a text file, only text files are listed in the directory window.
Data Files
}
{ Binary Data
Binary data files use KaleidaGraph’s private data format. These files may not be opened by other applications. Binary data documents are KaleidaGraph-only documents.
}
{ Text
KaleidaGraph will try to open any text document. When a text file is opened, a dialog is displayed that will allow you to specify your text document’s format.
}
{ Excel
Use this option to directly open Microsoft Excel files.
}
{ Plot
You may load graphs into KaleidaGraph and continue working with them. The type of graphs that you will be able to modify are documents that were saved using the Plot with Data and Plot w/o Data options in the Export sub-menu, or documents saved using the Save Graph and Save Graph As menu items (all under the File menu).
After a plot has been loaded, it may be printed, copied to the Clipboard or moved. Labels may also be added or modified. However, unless the data was saved with the plot, it cannot be edited in a manner that requires it to be rebuilt. This includes resizing axes, scaling to a new set of limits, editing markers and modifying error bars or curve fits.
}
{ PICT
You may import a PICT file into the active plot window. You will not be able to modify any parts of the imported picture. However, you will be able to move and resize the PICT within the plot window.
Note that the plot window must be the front most window on the screen. Otherwise, the PICT option will be dim. If you want the PICT to be displayed alone in the plot window, import it into an open Text plot.
}
{ EPSF
You may import an EPSF file into the active plot window. You will not be able to modify any parts of the imported picture. However, you will be able to move and resize the image within the plot window.
Note that the plot window must be the front most window on the screen. Otherwise, the EPSF option will be dim. If you want the image to be displayed alone in the plot window, import it into a Text plot.
}
{ New Macros
This command replaces the current set of macros in the Macros menu, the Library, the curve fits in the General sub-menu (under the Curve Fit menu), command key equivalents, and the function keys in Formula Entry with the contents of the macro file being loaded.
}
{ Append Macros
This command adds the macros being loaded to the current set of macros, provided there is room available. If the file being opened exceeds the maximum number, KaleidaGraph will load as many of the macros from the file as possible. You may have up to 100 macros in the menu at one time.
The Library, the curve fits in the General sub-menu (under the Curve Fit menu), command key equivalents, and the function keys in Formula Entry are not affected when using this command.
}
{ Style
This command allows you to open a specific style file which replaces the current style settings. The settings for almost all of the dialogs, as well as the text attributes, plot layouts and Show Page layout, will be changed to reflect the new style.
}
{ Script
This command allows you to open a specific plot script which replaces the current script file. The script will be placed in the Plot Script window. If a graphic template was saved with the plot script, it will also be opened.
}
{ Program Text
This command loads the selected program into the Macro Calculator. As the program is loaded, the syntax is checked. If a syntax error is encountered, only the section of the program, prior to the error, is loaded. If you wish to load the whole file when this occurs, you will need to open the file from the Program Text Editor of the Macro Calculator.
}
{ Export
The Export command enables you to save a variety of files from within KaleidaGraph. When you select Export from the File menu, a sub-menu will appear. Use this sub-menu to select the type of document to be saved. The standard Save File dialog will be displayed, no matter which type of file you specify.
}
{ Binary Data
Binary data files use KaleidaGraph’s private data format. These files may not be opened by other applications. Binary data documents are KaleidaGraph-only documents.
}
{ Tab-Delimited Text
This option will save your data as tab-delimited text. The first line in the file will contain column titles separated by tabs. All following lines will contain data separated by tabs. Use this option when taking data sets into other applications.
}
{ Plot w/Data
Use this option to save a plot with a copy of the data used to create the plot. You may find saving plots with data particularly useful, since these documents can be loaded back into KaleidaGraph for further editing or printing, including operations that cause the plot to be redrawn.
}
{ Plot w/o Data
Use this option to save a plot without the data used to create it. Once a plot without data is loaded back into KaleidaGraph, you may print it, copy it to the Clipboard or move it. Labels may also be added or modified. However, because the data was not saved with the plot, it cannot be edited in a manner that requires it to be rebuilt from the original data. This includes resizing axes, scaling to a new set of limits, editing markers and modifying error bars or curve fits.
}
{ MacDraw (PICT)
Use this option to save the current plot as a MacDraw (PICT) document. This is useful for exporting plots into other applications. PICT files are also used to make slides.
• Same as Plot Window - When this item is selected, the plot is saved at the same size as the plot window.
• Fix Size - When Fix Size is selected, you are able to specify either the Axis or Frame dimensions of the plot being exported.
- The Axis settings control the size of the plot axes.
- The Frame settings control the size of the plot frame (axes plus surrounding labels and white space).
Note: Entering the word auto for one of the dimensions allows you to maintain the plot’s aspect ratio when you specify the other dimension. When both X and Y values are entered without using auto for one of them, the aspect ratio is distorted, resulting in ellipses rather than circles for the markers.
- The Units setting lets you specify whether the dimensions are in inches or centimeters.
• Scale Result by - You may scale the size of the saved picture from 1% to 1000%. A common method is to scale the image to 200% or 400% when taking it into a drawing application. The picture can then be scaled down to its original size, which increases the amount of resolution in the image.
• Postscript® PICT - When the Postscript PICT option is checked, the PICT file will contain embedded Postscript. This feature allows you to achieve high resolution output from word processors, or any application that cannot interpret a PICT.
Note: This option should be unchecked when exporting to a drawing application or to any application that can disassemble a PICT into its component parts. If you open a PICT from another program and you get a double image (a normal one and a huge duplicate), save the plot with this option unchecked.
• High Resolution PICT - The High Resolution PICT option will be dim unless you have at least System 6.0.5 installed with the 32-Bit QuickDraw INIT. If you have System 7.0 or later, this INIT is built into the System file. If you have the appropriate System setup and this option is supported in your destination application(s), try this option instead of the Postscript PICT option.
}
{ MacPaint
Use this option to save the current plot as a MacPaint document. MacPaint files may not be loaded into KaleidaGraph for further editing or printing.
}
{ Macros
When you select Macros, the current set of macros in the Macros menu, the contents of the Library, the curve fits in the General sub-menu (under the Curve Fit menu), command key equivalents, and formulas tagged to the function keys in Formula Entry may be saved to a macros file. You can make this a default file by naming it “KG Macros” and replacing the existing file when it is saved.
}
{ Style
When you select Style, the settings in the Axis Options and Plot Style dialogs, as well as the default attributes for text labels, are saved in a style file. The column formats, Show Page layout and the individual layouts for each plot type are also saved in this file. You can make this a default file by naming it “KG Style” and replacing the existing file when it is saved.
}
{ Script
When you select Script, the current plot script may be saved in a script file. You can make this a default file by naming it “KG Script” and replacing the existing file when it is saved. If a plot is used as the graphic template, it is saved at the same time as the plot script file. The plot’s filename will be the first 25 characters of the script’s filename, followed by “.plot”.
}
{ Program Text
This command saves the program currently present in the Macro Calculator.
}
{ Page Setup...
This command displays a dialog that allows you to specify printing options such as page size, paper size and the page orientation. When you choose Page Setup from the File menu, the Page Setup dialog is displayed. This dialog depends on the type of printer selected in the Chooser (under the Apple menu).
}
{ Show Page...
Use the Show Page command to place more than one plot on a page or to add text elements or a background to the page. The first time you select this command, the Page Setup dialog appears. The Page Setup dialog will not appear again until you relaunch the application or select Page Setup from the File menu. When you click OK (to the initial Page Setup dialog), the Show Page window is displayed. You may have up to eight plots on a page, or a mixture of plots and text elements.
}
{ Print Data...
If the data window is active, the Print Data command is displayed. Use this command to print the entire data set, if a selection does not exist. A maximum of 15 columns may be printed on a single page.
}
{ Print Graph...
If a plot window is the active window, the Print Graph command is displayed. Use this command to print the contents of the current plot window.
}
{ Print Bitmap...
You have the option of printing a high resolution or a bitmapped version of the graph. To print the bitmap version, press the shift or option key while selecting the Print command from the File menu. The Print Bitmap command will replace Print Graph.
}
{ Print Program...
If the Formula Entry or Macro Calculator is front most, the Print Program command is displayed. Selecting this command prints the current program in the Macro Calculator.
}
{ Quit
In order to close the KaleidaGraph application and return to the desktop, select Quit from the File menu. A dialog will appear so you can specify what should be saved.
If you click OK, any checked item will have its changes saved to disk. The Save File dialog will appear if the data or plot windows have been modified or never saved before.
If you click None, no changes will be saved for any of the items, even if they are checked. Clicking Cancel will abort the Quit request and return you to KaleidaGraph.
A checkbox may be selected and deselected by clicking in it with the mouse. The table below shows the keyboard equivalents that are available in the Quit dialog.
select/deselect Data: d
select/deselect Plots: p
select/deselect Style: s
select/deselect Macros: m
select/deselect Scripts: c
clicking OK: return or enter
clicking None: delete or backspace
clicking Cancel: clear or esc
}
{Edit Menu
The Edit menu contains commands for editing data, graphics and objects. This menu also includes commands for Publishing and Subscribing under System 7.
}
{ Undo
The Undo command causes the plot or data window to revert to its state prior to issuing the last command or operation. If a command or operation cannot be undone, this command is dim and is named Can’t Undo.
}
{ Redo
Some commands and operations can be re-done after the Undo command is executed. If it is possible to redo an operation, the Undo command will change to Redo.
}
{ Cut
In the data window, the Cut command removes data selections and temporarily places them on the Clipboard. The data is copied using Binary format, Text format or both.
In the plot window, the Cut command lets you cut objects, equations and text labels that have been added to the original plot. If you try to cut any part of the original plot, including the labels, titles and legend, a copy of the entire plot is placed on the Clipboard.
• Cut w/Titles
If either the shift or option key is pressed when you click on the Edit menu, Cut will be replaced by Cut w/Titles. This allows you to include column titles when you cut a selection from a data window to the Clipboard. Using this command (in conjunction with the Paste command) allows columns to be easily moved from one data window to another.
}
{ Copy
If the data window is active, the Copy command places a copy of the data selection on the Clipboard. The data is copied using Binary format, Text format or both.
• Copy w/Titles
If either the shift or option key is pressed when you click on the Edit menu, Copy will be replaced by Copy w/Titles. This allows you to include the column titles when you copy a selection from a data window to the Clipboard. Using this command (in conjunction with the Paste command) allows columns to be easily duplicated within a window or from one data window to another.
}
{ Copy Graph...
This command is available when the plot window is active and nothing is selected. This command allows you to copy the entire contents of the plot window to the Clipboard. You can then paste the plot into another plot or into a different application.
• Same as Plot Window - When this item is selected, the plot is copied at the same size as the plot window.
• Fix Size - When Fix Size is selected, you can specify the exact dimensions of your plot.
- The Axis settings control the size of the plot axes.
- The Frame settings control the size of the plot frame (axes plus surrounding labels and white space).
Note: Entering the word auto for one of the dimensions allows you to maintain the plot’s aspect ratio when you specify the other dimension. When both X and Y values are entered without using auto for one of them, the aspect ratio is distorted, resulting in ellipses rather than circles for the markers.
- The Units setting lets you specify whether the dimensions are in inches or centimeters.
• Scale Result by - You can scale the size of the plot that is copied to the Clipboard from 1% to 1000%. A common method is to scale the image to 200% or 400% when exporting it to a drawing application. The picture can then be scaled down to its original size, which increases the image’s resolution.
• Postscript® PICT - When the Postscript PICT option is checked, plots copied to the Clipboard contain embedded Postscript. This feature allows you to achieve high resolution output from word processors, or any application that cannot interpret a PICT.
Note: This option should be unchecked when exporting to a drawing application or to any application that can disassemble a PICT into its component parts. If you paste a plot into another program and you get a double image (a normal one and a huge duplicate), copy the plot with this option unchecked.
• High Resolution PICT - The High Resolution PICT option will be dim unless you have at least System 6.0.5 installed with the 32-Bit QuickDraw INIT. If you have System 7.0 or later, this INIT is built into the System file. If you have the appropriate System setup and this option is supported in your other application(s), try this option instead of the Postscript PICT option.
}
{ Copy Selection
This command is displayed when any object in the plot window is selected. Use this command to copy the selected object to the Clipboard.
}
{ Paste
This command copies the contents of the Clipboard into a plot or data window. When data is pasted into a data window, the data in the first row determines the column’s format.
When data is pasted into the plot window, the data will appear as a table.
• Paste w/Titles
If either the shift or option key is pressed when you click on the Edit menu, Paste will be replaced by Paste w/Titles. This allows you to include column titles when you paste a selection from the Clipboard into a data window.
Note: The Paste and Paste w/ Titles commands perform identically when selections are cut or copied from KaleidaGraph’s data windows (using the Cut, Copy,
Cut w/Titles or Copy w/ Titles command). If the data on the Clipboard is not from a KaleidaGraph data window, Paste and Paste w/ Titles operate as described above.
}
{ Clear
In the data window, choose Clear to delete all selected data cells. The cells below the selected data, will shift up to fill the void. An example is shown below.
In the plot window, Clear will remove the selected item from the window. This command does not affect the contents of the Clipboard. You can also use the delete key to perform the same function.
• Clear w/Titles
If either the shift or option key is pressed when you click on the Edit menu, Clear will be replaced by Clear w/Titles. This allows you to erase column titles along with the data.
}
{ Binary/Text Mode
This menu item controls whether the Cut and Copy commands use Binary or Text format to copy large amounts of data to the Clipboard. When copying 1000 cells or less, both a binary and text representation of the data are copied to the Clipboard. This occurs regardless of the Binary/Text Mode setting.
Binary Mode editing is much faster than text editing and allows you to quickly move large amounts of data.
Text Mode editing should be used if you need to copy more than 1000 cells and paste them into a plot window, desk accessory or another application.
}
{ Select All
This command selects all objects in the current plot window. If a data window is active, Select All makes a data selection that includes all cells containing data. Any empty cells embedded in the data are also included.
}
{ Duplicate
The Duplicate command makes a copy of selected text or objects in the plot window. The copy is placed slightly below and to the right of the original. If you try to make a duplicate of any part of the plot, including the labels, titles or legend, the entire plot is duplicated.
}
{ Clear Data
The Clear Data command clears the contents of an entire data selection. Only the data is removed; the cells are not deleted as they are with the Clear command.
}
{ Create Publisher...
Use the Create Publisher command when you want to share information between documents. To make part of the data window or the entire plot window available to other documents, you can create a publisher for the appropriate window. When you create a publisher, a copy of the information is placed in a new file, called an edition. Editions are separate files that can be saved to disk. When changes are made in the publisher, the changes are automatically reflected in the edition.
This command is dim unless you are running System 7.
You can modify a publisher at any time in the same manner as any other document. The Publisher Options command (under the Edit menu) controls when changes in the publisher are sent to the edition.
To edit a publisher:
1. Open the file that contains the publisher.
2. Make the changes to the publisher.
3. Select Save from the File menu.
• Scale PICT by:
You can scale the size of the published plot from 1% to 1000%. A common method is to scale the image to 200% or 400% when taking it into a drawing application. The picture can then be scaled down to its original size, which increases the amount of resolution in the image.
• Postscript® PICT
When the Postscript PICT option is checked, published plots will contain embedded Postscript. This feature allows you to achieve high resolution output from word processors, or any application that cannot interpret a PICT.
Note: This option should be unchecked when exporting to a drawing application or to any application that can disassemble a PICT into its component parts. If you subscribe to a plot in another program and get a double image (a normal one and a huge duplicate), publish the edition with this option unchecked.
• High Resolution PICT
If this option is supported in your other application(s), try this option instead of the Postscript PICT option.
}
{ Subscribe To...
Use this command to place a copy of an edition, called a subscriber, into your document. Once the subscriber is inserted, any changes received by the edition are sent to the subscriber.
The data and plot windows can both subscribe to editions.
This command is dim unless you are running System 7.
}
{ Publisher Options...
Once the publisher and edition are created, you can decide how often changes are sent to the edition. Use the Publisher Options command from the Edit menu to select the option you want. The default is to update the edition as soon as you save changes to the publisher.
This command is dim unless you are running System 7.
• Scale PICT by:
You can scale the size of the published plot from 1% to 1000%. A common method is to scale the image to 200% or 400% when taking it into a drawing application. The picture can then be scaled down to its original size, which increases the amount of resolution in the image.
• Postscript® PICT
When the Postscript PICT option is checked, published plots will contain embedded Postscript. This feature allows you to achieve high resolution output from word processors, or any application that cannot interpret a PICT.
Note: This option should be unchecked when exporting to a drawing application or to any application that can disassemble a PICT into its component parts. If you subscribe to a plot in another program and get a double image (a normal one and a huge duplicate), publish the edition with this option unchecked.
• High Resolution PICT
If this option is supported in your other application(s), try this option instead of the Postscript PICT option.
}
{ Subscriber Options...
Once you have subscribed to an edition, you can determine how often updates to the edition are made. Use the Subscriber Options command from the Edit menu to select the update option you want. By default, the subscriber is updated when the edition receives new information from the publisher.
This command is dim unless you are running System 7.
}
{ Hide/Show Borders
Hide Borders allows you to hide the borders surrounding the publishers and subscribers. Once you hide the borders, the command will change to Show Borders. This command redisplays the borders that were previously hidden.
This command is dim unless you are running System 7.
}
{ Edit Text...
A text editor is provided by this command. This text editor is useful for editing the clipboard’s contents, creating calculator programs and other small text editing tasks. The standard clipboard functions are supported via the cut, copy and paste buttons. A Find command is also implemented, to allow you to search back through the text edit buffer for a string of characters. To exit ‘Edit Text...’, simply click in the OK button with your mouse or depress the Enter key on your numeric keypad. Upon dialog completion, the current text is saved and will be displayed the next time you select ‘Edit Text...’ .
• Find...
Use this dialog to search forward through the file for a string of characters. When the end of the file is reached, the search will continue from the top of the file. Enter the search string in the Find command’s text window and click the Find button to begin the search. The search process begins at the cursor or at the end of the current selection. When a match is found, the match is selected. If no match is found after one complete pass through the file, the bell will ring to notify you that the search has ended without a match. A ‘Find Next’ command is available by simultaneously depressing the keys, Shift-CMD-F. Using this command, the search will be conducted using the search string last entered into Find’s text window.
• Shortcuts/Tips
The following are CMD-Key shortcuts available in the ‘Edit Text...’ window:
CMD-N is New
CMD-O is Open...
CMD-S is Save...
CMD-P is Print...
CMD-F is Find...
CMD-X is Cut
CMD-C is Copy
CMD-V is Paste
CMD-A is Copy All
SHIFT-CMD-N is New (without the ‘want to save current text’ dialog)
SHIFT-CMD-O is Open... (without the ‘want to save current text’ dialog)
SHIFT-CMD-F is Find Next
CMD-Up_Arrow is Page Up
CMD-Down_Arrow is Page Down
CMD-Left_Arrow is Home Page
CMD-Right_Arrow is End Page
}
{Gallery Menu
KaleidaGraph has 16 different types of plots. Selecting help for any plot in this menu will define the characteristics and limitations of that type of plot.
Menu items with an arrow on the right will display a second menu. The Gallery Menu divides the plots into three primary groups; Linear, Stat and Bar. Each of these groups has a sub-menu containing several graphs. To select a Double Y plot, first use the cursor to select Linear. This will display the secondary menu containing Line, Scatter and Double Y. Now move the cursor to the secondary menu and select Double Y.
Menu items that don’t have an arrow on the right side operate simply by selecting them.
• Shortcuts/Tips:
1) A command key shortcut (Cmd-D by default) is available in the Gallery for reselecting a plot type from the keyboard. This command key equivalent is always associated with the last plot type selected from the Gallery Menu.
2) When the Plot Window is the front most window and you select a menu item from the Gallery Menu, a dialog will appear that allows you to ‘Replot’ the variables used in the existing plot with the type just selected. This allows you to quickly switch between different displays of the same data.
3) To plot a subset of a column or a group of columns, make the appropriate selection in the data window with your cursor before you select the plot type from the Gallery Menu.
}
{ Line
Use a Line plot to represent trends in different data sets over a period of time. Each line in the plot represents a separate data column. The data is displayed as a series of X, Y pairs, connected to the next point by a line. The data does not have to be sorted, but it is important to note that the points are connected in the order they appear in the data window.
Line plots give you a great deal of control over the display of the data. You can specify the number of markers, line style and line thickness between the data points. You may also choose to display only the data, with no line.
Note: A maximum of 20 independent (X) and 20 dependent (Y) variables are allowed per plot. Up to 9 independent variables can be selected per data window. If the independent variable is formatted as a Text column, you must plot from a single data window and you may not use more than one independent variable in your plot.
}
{ Scatter
Use a Scatter plot to compare large sets of data. Scatter plots are similar to line plots, except the points are not connected by lines. Each X, Y pair is represented by a unique marker on the plot. Each column of data will be represented by a different marker.
Scatter plots display a marker for each point in the plot. It is not possible to display a partial set of markers or a line between the points. If you want this kind of flexibility, plot the data as a Line plot.
Note: A maximum of 20 independent (X) and 20 dependent (Y) variables are allowed per plot. Up to 9 independent variables can be selected per data window. If the independent variable is formatted as a Text column, you must plot from a single data window and you may not use more than one independent variable in your plot.
}
{ Double Y
Use a Double Y plot to display two groups of data, each with its own vertical scale. Each line in the plot represents a separate data column. The data is displayed as a series of X, Y pairs, connected to the next point by a line. The data does not have to be sorted, but it is important to note that the points are connected in the order they appear in the data window.
The Double Y plot gives you the same amount of control over the display of the data as the Line plot, but with the added capability of having two separate scales on the vertical axis. This plot is useful when you are plotting two dependent (Y) groups which share a common independent (X) variable.
Note: A maximum of 20 independent (X) and 20 dependent (Y) variables are allowed per plot. Up to 9 independent variables can be selected per data window. If the independent variable is formatted as a Text column, you must plot from a single data window and you may not use more than one independent variable in your plot.
}
{ High/Low
This plot type is designed for many uses. The most common is to create High/Low/Close plots for the financial industry. This plot normally contains a vertical bar, representing the range of values from low to high, and a marker, representing the ending or closing value.
The order of the columns in the data window does not matter. However, this plot appears differently depending on how many ‘Y’ variables are plotted for a given ‘X’.
• One ‘Y’ Variable (Line Plot) - A standard Line plot is generated. This is often useful when overlaying a High/Low plot with some additional X-Y data.
• Two ‘Y’ Variables (Spike Plot) - A vertical line is drawn between the two data points. The first plotted variable controls the color, line style and marker style.
• Three or more ‘Y’ Variables (High/Low/Close Plot) - A vertical line is drawn between the maximum and minimum data points. The first plotted variable controls the color, line style and marker style. All of the data points between the minimum and maximum are drawn as ticks to the right of the vertical line. The size of the tick is controlled by the marker size of the first plotted variable.
Note: A maximum of 20 independent (X) and 20 dependent (Y) variables are allowed per plot. Up to 9 independent variables can be selected per data window. If the independent variable is formatted as a Text column, you must plot from a single data window and you may not use more than one independent variable in your plot.
}
{ Probability
Use a Probability plot to display the graph of a variable normalized to either a Linear or Normal probability distribution. The X axis is scaled in probability (between 0 and 100%) and shows the percentage of the Y variable whose value is less than the data point. The Y axis displays the range of the data variables.
The Probability plot gives rough information about the local density of the data and symmetry. The plotted data points do not coincide, even if there are exact duplicates in the data. It is easy to read information from the plot and it can accommodate a large number of observations. The Probability plot is not a summary but a display of all the data.
Note: Up to 20 dependent (Y) variables can be plotted at one time. The Probability Options command (from the Format menu) controls whether a Linear or Normal distribution is used.
}
{ X-Y Probability
The X-Y Probability plot is similar to the Probability plot. The difference is that in an X-Y Probability plot, you enter the probability associated with each Y value. The data is entered as X, Y pairs, where X is the probability (between 0 and 100%) and Y is the value.
The X-Y Probability plot gives rough information about the local density of the data and symmetry. The plotted data points do not coincide even if there are exact duplicates in the data. It is easy to read information from the plot and it can accommodate a large number of observations. The X-Y Probability plot is not a summary but a display of all the data.
Note: A maximum of 20 independent (X) and 20 dependent (Y) variables are allowed per plot. Up to 9 independent variables can be selected per data window. The Probability Options command (from the Format menu) controls whether a Linear or Normal distribution is used.
}
{ Stack Histogram
A Stack Histogram calculates the range of the data (Maximum - Minimum). Then, the range is divided into a number of bins. The number of data points within the range of each bin is counted. The resulting plot displays the range of the data on the X axis and the number of data points in each bin on the Y axis. If more than one variable is plotted, the Y axis displays the Total number of points in each bin, with the largest bin at the bottom of the stack. A maximum of 20 dependent (Y) variables can be plotted at once.
You can control the number of bins with the Histogram Options dialog (from the Format menu). The maximum number of bins in a Histogram is 200. Modifying the number of bins can bring out hidden characteristics of the data.
}
{ Box
A Box plot enables you to quickly examine a number of variables and extract their major characteristics. While this does not provide detailed information about the data, it does give you a look at its global behavior. A Box plot represents each variable as a separate box. The Y axis displays the range of the data and the X axis displays the names of each variable.
Up to 20 additional variables may (optionally) be overlaid as markers on each plot. The markers are matched 1 to 1 with the plotted variables. The first value in a marker column is matched with the first box, the second value in a marker column is matched with the second box, and so on. When using markers, the boxes do not have a fill pattern so that the markers can be clearly identified.
Note: A maximum of 20 dependent (Y) variables may be plotted as boxes per plot. You may not select more than a total of 20 variables and markers from a single data window. If your needs exceed this limit, place the variables and markers in separate data windows.
Each box encloses 50% of the data with the median value of the variable displayed as a line. The top and bottom of the box mark the limits of ± 25% of the variable population. The lines extending from the top and bottom of each box mark the minimum and maximum values that fall within an acceptable range. Any value outside of this range, called an outlier, is displayed as an individual point.
Note: Outliers are used in the calculations for the Box plot. Removing the outliers changes the entire plot. You do not have any control over the marker used to represent outliers.
• Median - The data value located halfway between the smallest and largest values.
• Upper Quartile - The data value located halfway between the Median and the highest data value.
• Lower Quartile - The data value located halfway between the Median and the lowest data value.
• Interquartile Distance - The distance between the Upper and Lower Quartiles
(UQ - LQ).
• Outliers - Points whose value is either:
> UQ + 1.5 * IQD
or
< LQ - 1.5 * IQD
}
{ Percentile
A Percentile Plot represents each variable plotted as a separate box. The Y axis displays the range of the data and the X axis displays the names of each plotted variable. Each box encloses 90% of the data.
The bottom and top of each box represent 5% and 95% of the data. Three lines are drawn inside each box. The middle line represents the median value of the data (50%), while the lower and upper dashed lines represent 25% and 75% of the data, respectively. Due to the importance of these lines, the boxes do not have fill patterns.
Up to 20 additional variables may (optionally) be overlaid as markers on each plot. The markers are matched 1 to 1 with the plotted variables. The first value in a marker column is matched with the first box, the second value in a marker column is matched with the second box and so on.
Note: A maximum of 20 dependent (Y) variables may be plotted as boxes per plot. It is not possible to display a fill pattern in the boxes. You may not select more than a total of 20 variables and markers from a single data window. If your needs exceed this limit, place the variables and markers in separate data windows.
}
{ Horizontal Bar
A Horizontal Bar plot is a graph of data selected from one window. The data is displayed as a series of horizontal bars. The length of each bar represents the value of a variable. Multiple values for the same category (row) are displayed as side-by-side bars. The X axis displays the range of the dependent values and the Y axis displays the category.
Note: A maximum of one independent (X) variable, with up to 32000 categories, and 20 dependent (Y) variables may be plotted at once.
• Duplicate Values
If you select variables for plotting that have duplicate ‘X’ values (duplicate category values), a dialog appears. This dialog lets you decide how any duplicate values are handled by the plot. A description of the options follows:
• treating each occurrence as a new category - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will plot the ‘Y’ values for each duplicate category value as a separate, independent category.
• ignoring all except the first occurrence - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will only plot the first occurrence of a category. Any duplicate categories will be ignored and not plotted.
• summing the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the sum of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• averaging the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the average of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the largest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the largest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the lowest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the smallest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• counting the number of occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, a frequency value representing the number of duplicate categories will be plotted.
}
{ Stack Bar
A Stack Bar plot is a graph of data selected from one window. As in a Horizontal Bar plot, the data is displayed as a series of horizontal bars. The difference between a Stack Bar plot and a Horizontal Bar plot is that variables belonging to the same category (row) are displayed as bars stacked one on top of another. The length of each bar represents the sum of the total number of data points in a variable. The X axis displays the range of sums for a category and the Y axis displays the category.
Note: A maximum of one independent (X) variable, with up to 32000 categories, and 20 dependent (Y) variables may be plotted at once.
• Duplicate Values
If you select variables for plotting that have duplicate ‘X’ values (duplicate category values), a dialog appears. This dialog lets you decide how any duplicate values are handled by the plot. A description of the options follows:
• treating each occurrence as a new category - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will plot the ‘Y’ values for each duplicate category value as a separate, independent category.
• ignoring all except the first occurrence - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will only plot the first occurrence of a category. Any duplicate categories will be ignored and not plotted.
• summing the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the sum of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• averaging the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the average of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the largest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the largest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the lowest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the smallest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• counting the number of occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, a frequency value representing the number of duplicate categories will be plotted.
}
{ Column
A Column plot is a graph of data selected from one window. The data is displayed as a series of vertical bars. The height of each bar represents the value of a variable. Multiple values for the same category (row) are displayed as side-by-side columns. The X axis displays the categories and the Y axis displays the range of the variables.
Note: A maximum of one independent (X) variable, with up to 32000 categories, and 20 dependent (Y) variables may be plotted at once.
• Duplicate Values
If you select variables for plotting that have duplicate ‘X’ values (duplicate category values), a dialog appears. This dialog lets you decide how any duplicate values are handled by the plot. A description of the options follows:
• treating each occurrence as a new category - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will plot the ‘Y’ values for each duplicate category value as a separate, independent category.
• ignoring all except the first occurrence - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will only plot the first occurrence of a category. Any duplicate categories will be ignored and not plotted.
• summing the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the sum of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• averaging the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the average of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the largest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the largest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the lowest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the smallest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• counting the number of occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, a frequency value representing the number of duplicate categories will be plotted.
}
{ Stack Column
A Stack Column plot is a graph of data selected from one window. As in a Column plot, the data is displayed as a series of vertical bars. The difference between a Stack Column plot and a Column plot is that variables belonging to the same category (row) are displayed as columns stacked one on top of another. The height of each bar represents the sum of the total number of points in a variable. The X axis displays the categories and the Y axis displays the range of sums for all variables in that category.
Note: A maximum of one independent (X) variable, with up to 32000 categories, and 20 dependent (Y) variables may be plotted at once.
• Duplicate Values
If you select variables for plotting that have duplicate ‘X’ values (duplicate category values), a dialog appears. This dialog lets you decide how any duplicate values are handled by the plot. A description of the options follows:
• treating each occurrence as a new category - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will plot the ‘Y’ values for each duplicate category value as a separate, independent category.
• ignoring all except the first occurrence - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will only plot the first occurrence of a category. Any duplicate categories will be ignored and not plotted.
• summing the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the sum of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• averaging the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the average of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the largest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the largest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the lowest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the smallest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• counting the number of occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, a frequency value representing the number of duplicate categories will be plotted.
}
{ Polar
In a Polar plot, the data is plotted on the polar coordinate system. Each point in this system is specified by an angle (Ø) in degrees and a radius (R). As an option, an alternate data format can be used, where the data is specified in X, Y format and then transformed to the polar coordinate system. In either case, an independent variable (Ø or X) and one or more dependent variables (R or Y) are selected for plotting.
Note: A maximum of 20 independent (Ø or X) and 20 dependent (R or Y) variables are allowed per plot. Up to 9 independent variables can be selected per data window.
The Polar Options dialog (under the Format menu) lets you specify the grid type, data format, reference angle and direction for Polar plots.
}
{ Pie
A Pie chart displays the value of up to 20 categories as a percentage of the total area of a circle. Each of the categories is represented as a segment of the circle (or a wedge of the pie). Only two variables may be plotted at one time in a Pie chart. The first is the independent variable or category. This variable contains the name of each category. The second variable contains the category values, which must be numeric.
Note: If more than 20 categories are selected for plotting, only the first 20 will appear on the plot. Customizing Pie plots is covered in section 6.16 on page 213 of the Learning Guide. Negative values cannot be plotted in a Pie chart. If the data contains negative values, a dialog appears. It gives you the option of plotting the absolute value of the data or canceling the plot.
• Duplicate Values
If you select variables for plotting that have duplicate ‘X’ values (duplicate category values), a dialog appears. This dialog lets you decide how any duplicate values are handled by the plot. A description of the options follows:
• treating each occurrence as a new category - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will plot the ‘Y’ values for each duplicate category value as a separate, independent category.
• ignoring all except the first occurrence - For each ‘Y’ variable, this option will only plot the first occurrence of a category. Any duplicate categories will be ignored and not plotted.
• summing the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the sum of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• averaging the values of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the average of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the largest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the largest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• using the lowest value of the occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, one value representing the smallest of all ‘Y’ values will be plotted.
• counting the number of occurrences - For each ‘Y’ variable, a frequency value representing the number of duplicate categories will be plotted.
}
{ Text
This plot type allows you to create a plot window whose intended use is text. Text plots are particularly useful when you want to generate a plot that only contains text, lines, boxes, tables, or pictures.
Note: Certain tools in this window will be dim, since they can only be used when a plot is in the window.
}
{ Template
The Template plot is used to generate the same type of plot, using different data. It allows you to take any plot and use it as a base for plotting new data. This works for both new plots and plots that have been saved. Using the Template plot command can relieve you of having to recreate a frequently used graph again and again.
To create a plot to be used as a template:
1. Create any type of plot (except for a Text plot).
2. Set the plot options, style settings, labels, position and anything else that you want to be included in all of the plots.
3. If you want, select Save Graph As (from the File menu) and save the graph. This saved graph can then be loaded back into KaleidaGraph in the future and used as a template for creating new plots.
When you select Template from the Gallery menu, a new data selection can be plotted. The new data will be auto scaled unless the limits are specified otherwise in the Axis Options dialog. The legend will reflect the new variables being plotted, but all other text labels and objects will remain the same as the template. Any curve fits or error bars on the original will be applied and recalculated on the new plot.
Once a Template plot has been created, it can be modified in the same way as any other plot. The limitation when using the Template plot is that only one plot can be generated at a time. If you need the ability to generate multiple plots at once, use the Plot Script feature instead.
To use a plot as a template for creating other plots:
1. Open or create the data you wish to plot.
2. Open or create the plot you want to use as a base for creating other plots.
3. Select Template from the Gallery menu. A variable selection dialog will appear.
4. Click in the appropriate radio buttons to select the variables to be plotted.
5. Click New Plot to generate a plot based on your selections.
Note: It is not necessary to use the Template plot if you are only modifying the original data used to create the plot. Instead you can extract the data from the plot, modify it and then update the plot.
• Replotting Saved Plots
A special comment should be made about replotting previously saved plot files. When a KaleidaGraph graphic document is opened and the user selects a plot type other than Template from the Gallery Menu, the standard variable selection dialog will be presented. But, by design, the selectable data windows are limited to the extractable data windows (ie... only the data windows used when the plot was created). This feature keeps the desktop from being cluttered with dozens of data windows, and automatically groups the data to the plot while still allowing each plot to be replotted with the same or different variables, as long as these variables are from within the original set of data windows.
You say that you like your graph, but want to plot new data to it. There are two ways to do this:
Method-A) If you want to just delete or ignore the extractable data behind the saved plot, the simplest way to plot new data to the current plot is to select Template from the Gallery Menu. You will be presented with the variable selection dialog, (the gallery type will be the same as the current plot), and all defined data windows will be available. Remember, selecting Template ignores and deletes any extractable data windows behind a saved plot.
Method-B) The second method is to select Extract Data from the Edit Menu when the saved plot is front most. This command moves the extractable data windows to the desktop, so the plot is still linked to the data, but the data windows are now a part of your standard list of data windows. Then, select the Gallery plot type of your choice to present the variable selection dialog.
Method-A is the simplest, but Method-B retains the contents of the extractable data windows behind the saved plot. Nevertheless, neither method takes any more than a few seconds to perform.
}
{Plot Menu
The Plot menu contains commands which control most of the aspects of the current plot, such as the axes, markers, lines and errbars.
}
{ Axis Options...
This command lets you control the limits, ticks, grids and labels for the horizontal and vertical axes in the current plot.
Note: A quick way to display this dialog is to triple-click on an axis. That axis will be pre-selected in the dialog when it is displayed. It is necessary to triple-click because the first click selects the plot frame and the second one selects the individual axis.
• Linear/Log menu
This pop-up menu controls whether the selected axis has a linear or logarithmic scale.
• Reverse
When this item is checked, the selected axis is plotted in reverse of its normal direction. Instead of plotting from low to high values, the axis is plotted from high to low.
• No Axis
When this item is checked, the selected axis is not displayed on the plot.
• Defaults
Clicking in this button resets all of the items in the dialog to their default settings.
• Color...
Clicking on the Color button displays the Plot Color dialog. This dialog allows you to change the Frame, Grid, Interior and Background colors for the plot.
• Exchange X and Y
When this item is checked, the X and Y axes switch positions. This option has no effect on Double Y, Polar, Pie or any of the plots in the Bar sub-menu.
• Plot Extras...
Clicking on this button displays the Plot Extras dialog. This dialog enables you to set the thicknesses for the grid, ticks and frame, as well as a number of other options.
}
{ Axis menu
This pop-up menu allows you to select an axis to edit to its settings.
}
{ Limits
When Limits is selected, a portion of the dialog changes to show the options available to control the axis limits. Using these options, you can control the minimum and maximum values that are plotted along the axes and an anchor tick value, off of which all other tick marks are calculated.
If you change any of these values, the corresponding Auto checkbox becomes deselected. The values can be recalculated again by placing a check in Auto.
• Max - This field determines the highest value for the selected axis.
• Anchor Tick - This field specifies the value off of which all other major tick marks are calculated. The major tick marks are placed at calculated intervals from the anchor tick.
• Min - This field determines the lowest value for the selected axis.
}
{ Ticks
When Ticks is selected, a portion of the dialog changes to show the options available to control the tick marks. Using these options, you can control how the major and minor ticks appear, where they are placed, and how many there are on the axis.
The major and minor ticks are controlled separately, but use virtually the same options. The small portion of the axis in this dialog changes based on the current settings for the tick marks.
• Major - The pop-up menu below Major determines how the major tick marks are displayed on the selected axis. The options in this menu are:
- Both - The tick marks are displayed on both sides of the axis.
- In - The tick marks are only displayed on the inside of the axis.
- Out - The tick marks are only displayed on the outside of the axis.
- None - No tick marks are displayed.
The pop-up menu to the right of Major determines the number of major ticks displayed on the selected axis. The options in this menu are:
- Auto - The number of major ticks is automatically calculated. Anything previously entered in the field below the menu is ignored.
- Fixed # - The number of major tick marks is specified in the field below the menu.
- Interval - The major ticks appear at the interval specified from the anchor tick mark. The interval is entered in the field below the menu. To set the value of the anchor tick, select the Limits option in the dialog.
• Minor - The pop-up menus for the minor tick marks are the same except for the Interval option for specifying the number of tick marks. This option is only available for the major ticks.
}
{ Grids
When Grids is selected, a portion of the dialog changes to show the options available to control the grid lines. Using these options, you can specify the type of grid lines, if any, to be displayed at each of the major and minor tick marks.
The small portion of the axis in this dialog changes based on the current settings for the grid lines.
• Major - The pop-up menu to the right of Major controls the type of grid line displayed at the major ticks. The options in this menu are:
- Solid - A solid grid line is drawn at the tick marks on the selected axis.
- Gray - A gray grid line is displayed at the tick marks on the selected axis.
- None - No grid lines are displayed at the tick marks.
• Minor - The pop-up menu to the right of Minor is exactly the same as the one for major. These settings control the grid lines displayed at the minor ticks.
}
{ Labels
When Labels is selected, a portion of the dialog changes to show the options available to control axis labels. Using these options, you can specify the frequency and format of the labels along the axis.
• Frequency pop-up menu - The pop-up menu that is located in this portion of the dialog controls the frequency of the labels along the selected axis. The options in the menu are:
- Auto - The label frequency is automatically adjusted based on the number of major ticks. Anything previously entered in the field below the menu is ignored.
- Every Nth - Labels are displayed a specific number of major tick marks apart. This number is specified in the field below the menu.
- None - No labels are displayed along the selected axis.
• Format - Clicking on this button displays the Label Format dialog for the selected axis. This dialog allows you to change the format of the labels and to add a prefix or suffix to them.
}
{ Link To menu
This pop-up menu only appears when the X2 or Y2 axis is currently selected. It allows you to select the type of link between the X and X2 axes and the Y and Y2 axes.
- No Ticks, No Labels - The X2 or Y2 axis will not have any ticks or labels.
- X Axis, No Labels - The X2 or Y2 axis will have the same tick marks as the main axis, but will not have any labels.
- X Axis, X Labels - The X2 or Y2 axis will have the same tick marks and labels that are displayed on the main axis.
- Custom Axis, Custom Labels - The X2 or Y2 axis will be linked to the main axis by either a linear or exponential equation. The equation is entered into a dialog which appears whenever this option is selected. The tick marks and labels will be calculated and displayed on the X2 or Y2 axis.
}
{ Plot Style...
The Plot Style command lets you control the markers, fill patterns, line styles and colors which are used in various plots to represent the plotted variables. The plots use either a marker, line, fill pattern or a combination of the three to represent data. Using the Plot Style dialog you can set the options for each of the 20 different variables.
Note: A quick way to display this dialog is to double-click on a legend symbol. That variable will be pre-selected in the dialog when it is displayed.
• Plot Variables:
Use the arrow buttons to locate the variable you want to modify. The name of the current variable appears to the right of the buttons.
Note: The tab and down arrow keys can be used to move to the next variable. You can go to the previous variable using the shift-tab or the up arrow key. The left arrow key takes you to the first variable; the right arrow key takes you to the last variable.
• Marker
This section displays all of the symbols that can be used to represent data in the plot. The first 6 markers in the left column are transparent; all of the others are opaque. When the Bar marker is selected, a column is drawn to represent the data.
• Fill Pattern
This section controls the fill pattern used to represent data. If None is selected, the fill pattern is transparent, allowing any grid lines to appear inside the bar. If Line is selected, the bars disappear and the values are represented by a line.
• Show Markers
This pop-up menu lets you specify whether all, a fixed number, a percentage, every Nth or none of the markers are displayed on the plot. This pop-up menu is dim for Scatter plots.
• Marker Size:
This field is used to change the size of the markers for the current variable.
• Style
This column controls the style of the line representing the variable or the curve fit applied to the current variable. If None is selected, the line is not displayed on the plot.
• Width
This setting controls the thickness of the line representing the variable or the curve fit applied to the current variable.
• Color
This palette controls the color of the markers, fill patterns and lines for the current variable.
• Edit Colors...
This button displays the Edit Colors dialog, which enables you to load a different color palette or to save, edit or print the current palette.
• Variable and Curve Fit radio buttons
These radio buttons are used to set different line styles and thicknesses for the variable and any curve fits applied to it. To change the current settings, click on the appropriate button and make your selections.
}
{ View...
This dialog provides a list of the current settings for all 20 of the variables that may be plotted at once. To edit one of the variables, click on it and you will return to the Plot Style dialog with that variable selected.
• Default Size - This edit box allows you to change the default size for the markers. This size becomes the default when you click on the Defaults button.
• Set Fill Patterns 1 ->20 to "solid" - When this option is checked, the current settings for the fill patterns are ignored and set to a solid color. On a monochrome screen, these colors appear as black rectangles.
• Set Line Patterns 1 -> 20 to "solid" - When this option is checked, all variable and curve fit lines appear as solid lines, regardless of the current style setting.
• Defaults - Clicking on this button returns all of the variables to their default settings and maintains any change to the default size for the markers.
}
{ Auto Link
When this command is checked, the plot window is automatically updated whenever a value is changed in the data window. After changing a data value, moving to another cell causes the update to occur. All curve fits and error bars are automatically recalculated. When Auto Link is unchecked, this option is disabled.
Note: When adding or editing multiple data points, this option will slow down the process because the plot will update after each change. Uncheck this option and use the Update Plot command instead.
}
{ Update Plot
Selecting this command forces an immediate regeneration of the plot from the original data set. Clicking on the Update Plot icon in the data window performs the exact same function. This allows you to make several changes to the data without having to wait for the plot to regenerate after each change, as it does with Auto Link. All curve fits and error bars are automatically recalculated during the update.
}
{ Auto Refresh
When this item is checked, the plot window is redrawn whenever a change is made to the plot. When Auto Refresh is unchecked, the plot is not redrawn until this item is selected again. If the Auto Link or Update Plot commands are selected, the curve fits and error bars will be recalculated, but the plot will not appear until Auto Refresh is checked.
Turning this command off allows you to make several changes to the plot without having the plot redrawn after each change. This is very useful when working with large data sets and curve fits that take a long time to recalculate.
}
{ Display Legend
This command gives you the ability to hide the legend without permanently deleting it. When Display Legend is checked, the legend is displayed in the plot window.
When Display Legend is unchecked, the legend is not displayed.
• Using the delete key to remove the legend, unchecks this option.
• The Eraser tool removes the legend permanently, without unchecking this command.
}
{ Display Title
This command gives you the ability to hide the plot title without permanently deleting it. The plot title is taken from the name of the data window. When Display Title is checked, the plot title is displayed in the plot window.
When Display Title is unchecked, the plot title is not displayed.
• Using the delete key to remove the title, unchecks this option.
• The Eraser tool removes the title permanently, without unchecking this command.
}
{ Display Equation
When this command is checked, the results from curve fits that have closed form solutions (equations) are displayed in the plot window. This includes: General, Linear, Polynomial, Exponential, Logarithmic and Power curve fits. Not only is the resulting equation displayed, but if any updates occur to the curve fit, the equation updates automatically. It is recommended that you use this option instead of the View checkbox (in conjunction with the Clipboard) so that the automatic update will occur.
When Display Equation is unchecked, the results are not displayed.
• Using the delete key to remove the equation, unchecks this option.
• The Eraser tool removes the equation permanently, without unchecking this command.
}
{ Error Bars...
This command allows you to add horizontal and vertical error bars to all of the plots in the Linear sub-menu as well as Probability, X-Y Probability, Horizontal Bar and Column plots. Error bars let you illustrate the amount of error for the plotted data. Error bars normally appear as lines extending from the data points, with caps on either end to represent the upper and lower values of the spread.
This dialog allows you to select which variables will have error bars added and whether they are horizontal or vertical.
As soon as you click in one of the checkboxes for a variable, the dialog in Figure 5-6 appears. This dialog is used to select the type of error to be displayed and to set a number of other options. This same dialog appears each time a different variable is selected, but all of the settings for the variables are independent of each other.
• Error Type pop-up menu
This pop-up menu lets you select the type of error to be used for the error bar. The errors for the positive and negative portions of the bar can be independently set if Link Error Bars is unchecked.
- % of Value - The end of each error bar is placed at the point calculated by multiplying the specified percentage and the data value.
- Fixed Value - The end of each error bar is placed at the specified distance from the data point.
- Standard Dev - The end of each error bar is placed at the specified number of standard deviations from the calculated mean of the data series. A solid line, which represents the mean, is displayed across the entire plot. Using this option, all of the error bars line up instead of being staggered.
- Standard Error - The end of each error bar is placed at the point calculated by adding or subtracting the data value’s standard error.
- Data Column - The end of each error bar is placed at a certain distance from the data point. The distance is taken from a column in the front most data window used to create the plot. You can select the name of the column from the sub-menu that appears when you select this option.
Note: If only one of the bars is being displayed, the sign of the error (positive or negative) determines the direction of the bar. If the column has a text format, the error values are placed at each corresponding data point.
- None - This option does not display an error bar. This is useful when the bars are not linked and you want to display single-sided error bars.
• Link Error Bars
When this option is checked, the positive and negative portions of the error bar have the same error type. When unchecked, they are able to have different error types.
• % of Value
The value entered in this field determines what to multiply the data by when calculating the error bars. This field is only used when % of Value is the selected error type.
• Fixed Error
The value entered in this field determines what to add or subtract with the data when calculating the error bars. This field is only used when Fixed Error is the selected error type.
• # Standard Dev
The value entered in this field determines how many standard deviations to add to the mean when calculating the error bars. This field is only used when Standard Dev is the selected error type.
• Center Text
When this option is checked, errors taken from a data column with a text format will be centered around the data point. When unchecked, the text is left justified.
• Draw Cap Only
When this option is checked, the line between the data point and the cap is not displayed. This is particularly useful when using the Standard Dev error type. When unchecked, the line is displayed.
• Draw Error Arc
When this option is checked, an arc or ellipse is displayed to represent the error for the data point. Arcs appear for single-sided errors; ellipses appear when an error is specified for the upper and lower portions of the bar. Each quadrant of the ellipse can be independently defined by making selections for the X error and the Y error.
}
{ Add Values
When Add Values is checked, the numerical values of bars or columns, or the percentage value of pie slices are automatically placed on the plot. This menu item affects: Pie, Horizontal Bar, Stack Bar, Column and Stack Column plots. The values can be removed by unchecking this option or by using the delete key when the labels are selected as a group. The Eraser tool can be used to remove individual labels.
The values may be moved as a group with the Selection Arrow, or individually with the Text tool. To change the format of the values displayed, select Value Label Format from the
Format menu.
}
{ Extract Data
This command displays the data used to create a saved plot. The Find Data icon in the plot window can also be used to extract this data. The Extract Data command will be dim if the data was not saved with the plot or if it was already extracted.
Once a data set is extracted, new plots can be made or the data can be saved to disk. Any function you can perform with the original data set, you can also perform with the extracted data set. The name of the extracted data window will be the original name plus a time and date stamp which indicates when the plot was saved
}
{ Define Layout...
The Define Layout command allows you to save the basic characteristics of the current plot as a mini-template. Any new plots of that Gallery type will have the same layout as the original. The layout saves the position of the legend, axes and titles in addition to the size of the axes and plot window.
Each Gallery item can have an independent layout defined. All layouts are saved in the Style file.
• Reset Defaults
Use this button to reset the layout of the current plot type to KaleidaGraph’s default setup. Simply create a graph of the type you wish to change. Then select Define Layout from the Edit menu and click on the Reset Defaults button.
}
{ Set Plot Size...
This command allows you to specify the exact dimensions and position of the axes or frame for the current plot. Selecting this command displays the Page Setup dialog, followed by the Set Plot Size dialog. The current plot will be resized when you click OK to the dialog.
• Paper:
These values, listed for X and Y, are the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the printable space on a sheet of paper. They are based on the current settings in the Page Setup dialog.
• Axis Origin:
These values specify the distance, from the top left edge of the print area to the top left corner of the axis. Selecting this option allows you to specify a new position for the origin or to leave it unchanged when editing the axis or frame dimensions.
• Axis Size:
The Axis settings specify the size of the axes for the current plot. If this item is checked, the axes will be set to the specified dimensions. If this item is unchecked and Frame Size is selected, the axes will be scaled proportionately to the new dimensions of the frame. When both Axis and Frame Size are selected, their dimensions are set independently.
Note: Entering the word auto allows a floating dimension, while specifying the size of the other dimension. This allows the axes to remain proportional to their original size.
• Frame Size:
The Frame settings specify the size of the frame for the current plot. The frame contains the plot plus surrounding white space.
If this item is checked, the frame will be set to the specified dimensions. If this item is unchecked and Axis Size is selected, the frame will be scaled proportionately to the new dimensions of the axes. When both Axis and Frame Size are selected, their dimensions are set independently.
Note: Entering the word auto allows a floating dimension, while specifying the size of the other dimension. This allows the frame to remain proportional to its original size.
• Units:
The Units being used must be identified as either inches or centimeters.
}
{Format Menu
The Format menu contains commands which control the settings and options for a variety of items in the plot window. This menu is only displayed when the plot window is active.
}
{ Plot Extras...
Selecting the Plot Extras command displays a dialog which allows you to control the length and thickness of several plot elements. You can also set some of the options associated with Line and Column plots.
• Axis Ticks Options:
These settings control the length of major and minor tick marks. The lengths can be independently set for ticks displayed inside and outside of the plot frame.
• Tick Thickness:
This setting controls the thickness of the major and minor tick marks. The default thickness is 100%. This produces a tick width of a single pixel when printing at high resolution on a LaserWriter. Enter 200% to double the widths of the tick marks.
• Frame Thickness:
The Frame Thickness controls the width of the plot frame. The default thickness is 100%. This produces a frame width of a single pixel when printing at high resolution on a LaserWriter. Enter 200% to double the width of the plot frame.
• Grid Thickness:
This setting controls the thickness of the horizontal and vertical grid lines. The default thickness is 100%. This produces a width of a single pixel for the grid lines when printing at high resolution on a LaserWriter. Enter 200% to double the widths of the grid lines.
5. Line Plot Options:
• Line Thickness - This setting controls the thickness of lines, error bars, curve fits and markers in the plot window. It also controls the line thickness of Box, Percentile, Column, Bar and Pie plots.
• Missing Data Breaks - This option affects Line, Double-Y and High/Low plots. When checked, a missing data point in an X or Y variable will cause a break in the line being plotted. When unchecked, the line will be continuous and the missing data points will be ignored.
• Column Offset - This setting controls the amount of white space between columns in all Bar and Column plots. This value can range from 0% (no white space) to 100% (all white space). When set to 100%, columns appear as straight lines.
• Draw Column Frame - When this item is checked, an outline is drawn around each column in all Bar and Column plots.
• Error Bar Length:
This setting controls the length of the cap on error bars. A length of 6 is used for an average size error cap. The error bar will not have a cap if the setting is 0.
}
{ Plot Color...
This command, which displays a dialog used to specify the frame, grid, interior and background colors of the plot. If None is selected for the Interior or Background color, no color will be used. Otherwise, the interior and the background of the plot will be filled with the specified color.
Note: To edit the colors that appear in the color palette, use the Edit Colors command from the Object menu. If you have fewer color choices, it is due to the number of colors your monitor is set to support.
}
{ X Label Format...
This command controls the display format of the labels on the X axis. When this command is selected, a label format dialog is displayed. This dialog varies depending on the data format of the label, which is determined by the format of the data used in the plot. These dialogs will not have any effect on labels formatted as Text.
9.4.1 Numeric Data Formats
When the label contains a Float, Double or Integer data type, a dialog appears which enables you to control how the labels are displayed on the plot.
• Format:
This pop-up menu controls the overall format of the label. This menu will adjust to reflect the type of data used in the label.
- General - Display the labels as they were entered or imported into the data window, e.g. 10000.
- Fixed - Display the labels with a fixed number of decimal places, e.g. 10000.00000.
Scientific - Display the labels in scientific notation, e.g. 1.00000e+04.
- Engineering - Display the labels in engineering notation (the exponent is a multiple of 3), e.g. 10.000e+03.
• Digits/Decimals:
This pop-up menu determines the number of significant digits or the number of decimal places to be displayed in the axis labels. The name of this menu depends on which data format is selected.
• Show Trailing Zeros
When checked, trailing zeros will be displayed for any data format that uses a decimal point. Trailing zeros will be added until the specified number of significant digits is reached. When unchecked, trailing zeros are not shown.
• Show Commas
When checked, commas will be displayed in appropriate axis labels. When unchecked, commas will not be displayed in the axis labels.
• Prefix:
When checked, the axis labels will be preceded by the string entered in this field. The maximum length of the string is 16 characters. By default, the field will contain a ‘$’ sign. When unchecked, this feature is disabled.
Note: By default, the font and the styles used will be the same as the axis labels. Formatting commands for superscripts, subscripts and an alternate font are supported here, by preceding the characters to be altered with \u, \d, and \f respectively. To return to the default attributes, use \n.
• Suffix:
When checked, the axis labels will be appended by the string entered in this field. The maximum length of the string is 16 characters. By default, the field will contain a ‘%’ sign. When unchecked, this feature is disabled.
Note: By default, the font and the styles used will be the same as the axis labels. Formatting commands for superscripts, subscripts and an alternate font are supported here, by preceding the characters to be altered with \u, \d, and \f respectively. To return to the default attributes, use \n.
For example, if you wanted to add cm^3 to the end of your axis labels, you would enter the string cm\u3 in the field. Remember to add a space to the beginning of the string, otherwise the label and the suffix will run together.
Date and Time Data Formats
When the label contains a Date or Time data type, a dialog appears which enables you to control how the labels are displayed on the plot.
• Format:
This pop-up menu controls the overall format of the label. This menu will adjust to reflect the type of data used in the label.
• Decimals:
This pop-up menu determines the number of decimal places to be displayed in the axis labels. When the data uses the Date format, the Decimal setting controls whether the entire label is displayed or only a portion of the label. The following table shows what portion of the label is displayed according to the number of decimals selected.
Date
Format
Selected Number of Decimals
0-2
3-4
5
6+
month/d/y
month
month/d
month/d/y
month/d/y
m/d/y
m
m/d
m/d/y
m/d/y
d-month-y
d
d-month
d-month-y
d-month-y
d-m-y
d
d-m
d-m-y
d-m-y
month/d/y H:M:S
month
month/d
month/d/y
month/d/y H:M:S
m/d/y H:M:S
m
m/d
m/d/y
m/d/y H:M:S
d-month-y H:M:S
d
d-month
d-month-y
d-month-y H:M:S
d-m-y H:M:S
d
d-m
d-m-y
d-m-y H:M:S
• Show Trailing Zeros
When checked, trailing zeros will be displayed for any data format that uses a decimal point, such as the Time format m:ss.ss. Trailing zeros will be added until the specified number of significant digits is reached. When unchecked, trailing zeros are not shown.
}
{ Y Label Format...
This command controls the display format of the labels on the Y axis. When this command is selected, the label format dialog is displayed.
}
{ Y2 Label Format...
This command controls the display format of the labels on the Y2 axis. When this command is selected, the label format dialog is displayed.
}
{ X2 Label Format...
This command controls the display format of the labels on the X2 axis. When this command is selected, the label format dialog is displayed.
}
{ Value Label Format...
This command controls the display format of any value labels on the plot. Value labels appear on a plot when you use the Add Values command (under the Plot menu). When this command is selected, the label format dialog is displayed.
}
{ Equation Format...
This command controls the display format of any curve fit equations on the plot. When this command is selected, the label format dialog is displayed.
}
{ Text Options...
Selecting the Text Options command displays a dialog used to control several options associated with text labels.
• Sub/Super Offset:
This setting determines how far away from the baseline subscripts and superscripts are placed. The default setting is 44%.
• Sub/Super Size:
This setting determines what percentage of the original font size to use for subscript and superscript characters. The default setting is 70%.
• Only use built-in sizes
When this option is checked, the subscripts and superscripts will only use installed font sizes. The calculated value will be rounded to the nearest built-in size. If this option is unchecked, the actual calculated font size will be used for subscripts and superscripts.
• Alternate Font:
The Alternate Font pop-up menu allows you to select a second font which can be used in any text labels. Symbol is the alternate font by default, provided it is installed on your machine.
• Link Text To Variable Color
When this option is checked, the color of the text in the legend and any equations is the same as the line or marker color. When unchecked, the color of the text can be set independently.
• Decimal Point
The user can select either the period "." or a comma "," as the decimal delimiter for numbers in the plot window.
}
{ Polar Options...
Use this command to control the grid type, data format, reference angle and direction for Polar plots.
• Grid Type:
This setting determines whether Polar plots have a circular or square grid.
• Data Format:
This setting controls the format of the polar data. The data can be in either Ø, R or X, Y format. The Ø or X data is the independent variable, depending on which format is selected.
• Reference Angle:
The reference angle is the location where plotted values begin. You can modify the starting point by entering a value for the reference angle. This value can range from -360 to 360.
• Direction
You can plot data in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction by clicking in the appropriate radio button.
}
{ Curve Fit Options...
Use this command to control whether or not curve fits are drawn to the axis limits, and to determine the number of curve fit points.
• Curve Fit Points:
This value determines the number of points to be calculated for all of the curve fits except the Weighted fit. This setting is important when pulling values from a curve fit into the data window.
• Display R^2 instead of R
When this option is checked, the value for R2 is displayed with the curve fit equation. When unchecked, the R value is displayed instead.
• Extrapolate Fit to Axis Limits
When this option is checked, General, Linear, Polynomial, Exponential, Logarithmic and Power curve fits are drawn to the axis limits. When unchecked, the curve fits are drawn between the minimum and maximum independent data values.
}
{ Probability Options...
The settings in this dialog control the type of distribution used in Probability plots. You may choose between a Linear or Normal distribution. A Normal distribution is selected by default.
}
{ Histogram Options...
The settings in this dialog control whether the number of bins is automatically calculated or a fixed number of bins is created. The default setting is to automatically calculate the number of bins.
}
{Object Menu
The Object menu contains commands which allow you to layer, group and edit plot objects. This menu is only displayed when the plot window is active.
}
{ Align
This command enables you to control the alignment of selected objects in the plot window. Objects are aligned to the last object selected before choosing Align. When using one of the edge options, objects are aligned by their border centers, regardless of the thickness.
Selecting Align displays a sub-menu. This is the same menu that is displayed when the Align tool is selected from the tool palette.
Note: This command is only available if an object is selected. Unless multiple objects are selected, this command will not have any effect.
• Align Left Edges
Selecting this icon aligns the left edges of the selected objects.
• Align Horizontal Centers
Selecting this icon vertically aligns the horizontal centers of selected objects.
• Align Bottom Edges
Selecting this icon aligns the bottom edges of the selected objects.
• Align Top Edges
Selecting this icon aligns the top edges of the selected objects.
• Align Vertical Centers
Selecting this icon horizontally aligns the vertical centers of selected objects.
• Align Right Edges
Selecting this icon aligns the right edges of the selected objects.
}
{ Up
This command moves the selected object(s) forward one level in the object order of a plot window, changing the draw order of the objects. If you move a grouped object up one level, KaleidaGraph moves all of the objects in the group. If you want to select an object but it is obscured by another object, send the obscuring object to the back.
Note: This command is only available if an object is selected.
}
{ Bring To Front
This command moves the selected object(s) in front of all other objects in a plot window, changing the draw order of the objects. If you move a grouped object to the front, KaleidaGraph moves all of the objects in the group. If you want to select an object but it is obscured by another object, send the obscuring object to the back.
Note: This command is only available if an object is selected.
}
{ Down
This command moves the selected object(s) backwards one level in the object order of a plot window, changing the draw order of the objects. If you move a grouped object down one level, KaleidaGraph moves all of the objects in the group. If you want to select an object but it is obscured by another object, send the obscuring object to the back.
Note: This command is only available if an object is selected.
}
{ Send To Back
This command moves the selected object(s) behind all other objects in the plot window, changing the draw order of the objects. If you move a grouped object to the back, KaleidaGraph moves all of the objects in the group. If you want to select an object but it is obscured by another object, send the obscuring object to the back.
Note: This command is only available if an object is selected.
}
{ Group
The Group command combines two or more selected objects into a single object. This is useful if you want to move several objects at once and keep their relative position intact. You can also group objects if you want to change the same attributes on multiple objects.
KaleidaGraph groups objects hierarchically. If you combine an object with a grouped set of objects, the grouped set is maintained because it was combined first. Grouping has no effect on the draw order or the appearance of the objects. Objects remain grouped until you ungroup them.
Note: This command is only available if multiple objects are selected.
}
{ Ungroup
Use the UnGroup command to separate a previously grouped object into its original objects. Ungrouping has no effect on the draw order or the appearance of the objects.
KaleidaGraph ungroups objects hierarchically. If you ungroup an object that consists of grouped objects, you must use the UnGroup command more than once to ungroup all of the objects.
Note: This command is only available if an object is selected.
}
{ Edit Object...
This command allows you to edit a selected object. If more than one object is selected, the front most object will be edited. The Edit Object command can be used with any of the following objects: text, arrows, polygons, Bezier curves, tables and plot axes. If a different type of object is selected when you choose this command, an alert will sound to let you know that the selected item cannot be edited.
Note: This command is only available if an object is selected.
Text
If you choose Edit Object when a text label is selected, the Text tool dialog will appear. Use this dialog to edit the attributes of the selected label.
Arrows
If an arrow is selected when you choose Edit Object, the Edit Arrow Heads dialog will be displayed. You can edit the shape of the arrowhead using this dialog.
Polygons
When you choose Edit Object and a polygon is selected, handles appear at each segment point of the polygon. By clicking on the handles and dragging, the shape of the polygon can be edited.
Bezier curves
If a Bezier curve is selected when you choose Edit Object, handles appear at each segment point of the curve. By clicking on the handles and dragging, the shape of the curve can be modified.
Tables
If you choose Edit Object when a table is selected, the Table tool dialog will appear. This dialog enables you to edit the settings and contents of the selected table.
Plot Axes
If a plot axis is selected when you choose Edit Object, the Axis Options dialog appears. Use this dialog to edit the current settings for the plot axes.
}
{ Edit Colors...
The Edit Colors command enables you to customize the color palette to suit your needs. Use this command to edit the colors on the palette, save a customized palette in a file, load a saved color file or print the current palette. You can also reset the palette to its original defaults in this dialog.
Note: This command is dim if you have a monochrome monitor. If you have fewer color choices, it is due to the number of colors your monitor is set to support.
• Color Palette
The color palette displays the current set of colors. Each color on the palette can be customized by double-clicking on the color. This will display the Color Selection dialog.
• Load Colors...
Selecting Load Colors displays the standard Open dialog, allowing you to open a customized color file that was previously saved. Only color files will be listed in the Open dialog. The current palette will be replaced with the new palette you select. All colors in the current plot window are mapped to the colors occupying the same positions on the new palette.
• Save Colors...
This button allows you to save a custom set of colors in a file. When Save Colors is selected, the standard Save File dialog appears, allowing you to specify the filename and location.
• Print Colors...
This button enables you to print out the color palette. When you select Print Colors, the Page Setup dialog is displayed, followed by the Print dialog.
• Use Default Colors
Selecting this item resets the color palette to the default settings.
}
{ Color Selection
Use this dialog to customize individual colors from the color palette. You can pick a new color by clicking on any portion of the color wheel or by editing the numeric values that appear in this dialog. This dialog appears any time you double-click on a color in the palette in the Edit Colors dialog.
• Color Box
The top half of the color box displays the edited color. The bottom half shows the original color.
• Color Wheel
The color wheel displays the available colors that you can select. The colors at the outer edge of the wheel are the purest in saturation. As you move toward the center, the amount of saturation decreases.
• Hue-Saturation-Brightness
Each of these fields displays a numerical value for one of the color components. The values can be changed by entering new values or by using the arrow buttons to the right of the field.
• Hue refers to the color itself.
• Saturation refers to the amount of color pigment present.
• Brightness refers to the amount of black present.
• Red-Green-Blue
Each of these fields displays a numerical value for one of the color components. The values can be changed by entering new values or by using the arrow buttons to the right of the field. Red, green and blue light are mixed to represent the colors.
• Color Selector
Use this cursor to click on a different color. The selected color will be displayed in the top half of the color box. All of the numeric values will change to reflect the values for the new color.
• Current Selection Marker
This marker shows the color wheel position of the current color. Anytime a new color is selected, the marker moves to the new position.
• Brightness Scroll Bar
Use this scroll bar to adjust the brightness of a color. Scrolling down makes a color darker; scrolling up makes it brighter.
}
{ Edit Arrow Heads...
Selecting this command allows you to modify the default styles for arrowheads. Use this command to customize the height, length and inset for each arrow style. You can also reset the arrowheads to their default settings using this command.
Note: It is not possible to add more arrowheads to the menu, but it is possible to save custom sets of arrowheads by saving the Style before quitting the application.
• Height:
This is the vertical distance from the tip to one of the outer edges of the arrowhead.
The figure below shows the top half of an arrowhead with the height, length and inset labeled.
• Length:
This setting controls the horizontal distance from the tip to one of the outer edges of the arrowhead.
• Inset:
Inset is the distance from the tip of the arrowhead to where the actual line segment begins. If the Inset is equal to the Length, the arrowhead appears as a triangle.
• Arrow pop-up menu
Use this pop-up menu to select the arrow you want to modify.
• Preview Window
As changes are made to the Height, Length and Inset settings, the arrowhead in the preview window is immediately updated.
• Defaults
Click on this button to reset all of the arrowheads to their default settings.
}
{Curve Fit Menu
The Curve Fit menu contains all of the different types of curve fits that can be applied to plotted variables in KaleidaGraph. This menu is only displayed when a plot window is active.
}
{ General
The General command allows you to create, edit and save user-defined formulas used to fit data. Selecting General from the Curve Fit menu, causes a sub-menu to appear. This sub-menu contains two commands which can be used to define or edit curve fit formulas. The rest of the menu contains up to 16 user-defined formulas to fit plotted data.
}
{ Edit General...
This command is used to add new fits to the sub-menu, to remove fits already present, and to rearrange the curve fits. A maximum of 16 curve fits can be stored in this sub-menu.
Note: The curve fits in the sub-menu are saved, by default, in a file called “KG Macros”. This file is loaded each time KaleidaGraph is launched. Special sets of fits can be created by duplicating and renaming the default macro file. To open a custom file, simply use the Open or Import commands in the File menu.
Adding a New Fit
In order to add a new curve fit to the Curve Fit menu, follow these steps:
1) Select General from the Curve Fit menu and choose Edit General from the
sub-menu that appears.
2) If it is not already selected, click in the Trash radio button.
3) Click on ‘New Fit’ in the trash bin list box.
4) Select a fit in the current list after which the new curve fit will be added.
5) Click on the Add button and ‘New Fit’ will appear in the list. The name of the fit can be changed by selecting it and then editing the name in the name field.
Moving a Curve Fit
To move a curve fit, follow these steps:
1) Select General from the Curve Fit menu and choose Edit General from the
sub-menu that appears.
2) If it is not already selected, click in the Trash radio button.
3) Select the curve fit you wish to move.
4) Click on Copy to copy the fit to the trash bin.
5) Click Remove to delete the name from the listing.
6) Select a curve fit in the current list after which the one in the trash bin will be added.
7) Select the name of the curve fit that was copied to the trash bin.
8) Click on Add and the curve fit will be placed in the list.
Note: When renaming curve fits, make sure you do not leave the Edit General dialog until you are completely finished. As soon as you click OK or Cancel in this dialog, anything in the trash bin will be deleted. The only permanent, trash bin item is ‘New Fit’.
Saving Changes to the Curve Fit Menu
In order to save any changes made to the Curve Fit menu it is necessary to save the changes to the “KG Macros” file in one of two ways.
• The first method is to select Export from the File Menu. In this case, you would select Macros from the sub-menu. The standard Save File dialog will appear and allow you to specify the folder and file name for your macros document.
• The second method is to place a check in the ‘Save Changes to: Macros’ checkbox that appears when quitting the application. KaleidaGraph will automatically overwrite the macros file that was opened when the program was launched.
}
{ Library...
It is possible to view and edit the contents of the library by selecting Library from the General sub-menu (under the Curve Fit menu). The Library will be displayed in the standard text editor. Once you are in the editor, you can edit the current library, open a different library or create a new library.
Any variable definition, constant definition, function definition or alias in the library can be used in defining a general curve fit. One of the main reasons for using the library is to form aliases or shorthand references for functions, variables and constants. This is particularly useful for defining sections of a formula that exceed the 256 character limit in the Define dialog for the General curve fit.
}
{ Linear
Function
Y = m0 + m1 * x
Description
This function will fit a straight line through your data, of the form specified above. There are no data restrictions associated with this curve fit. This curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Probability, X-Y Probability, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
Note: On a semi-log or log-log axis, this fit appears as a curved line.
This function will fit a curve through your data, of the form specified above. The more complex the curvature of the data, the higher the polynomial order required to fit it. There are no data restrictions associated with this curve fit. The Polynomial curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
Note: The highest order polynomial that can be fit is 9th order.
To apply a Polynomial curve fit:
1. Choose Polynomial from the Curve Fit menu. The Curve Fit Selection dialog will appear. All dependent variables appear under Column Names.
2. Place a check in the checkbox for each variable you want to fit. A command key shortcut (-A) can be used to select all of the variables at once.
3. Each time a variable is selected, a second dialog appears. Use this dialog to specify the order of the polynomial you wish to fit. The maximum value that can be selected is 9.
Note: If the option key is pressed when selecting variables for this fit, the current polynomial order will be used for each variable. This enables you to select the polynomial order once and set the order for the rest of the variables without displaying the second dialog.
}
{ Exponential
Function
Y = m0 * exp(m1 * x)
Description
This function will fit a curve through your data, of the form specified above. It will fit data that increases or decreases at a high rate. This curve fit cannot fit negative data or data equal to zero. The Exponential curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Probability, X-Y Probability, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
Note: On a semi-log axis, the curve appears as a straight line.
}
{ Logarithmic
Function
Y = m0 + m1 * log(x)
Description
This function will fit a curve through your data, of the form specified above. A logarithmic curve fit is generally used with data that spans decades (100, 101, 102, etc.). This curve fit cannot be used to fit negative data or data equal to zero. The Logarithmic curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
}
{ Power
Function
Y = m0 * x^m1
Description
This function will fit a curve through your data, of the form specified above. This curve fit cannot be used to fit negative data or data equal to zero. The Power curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
Note: On a log-log axis, the curve appears as a straight line.
}
{ Smooth
Description
This function will fit a smoothed curve to the data. KaleidaGraph applies a Stineman Function to the data. The output of this function then has a geometric weight applied to the current point and ±10% of the data range, to arrive at the smoothed curve.
The only data restriction associated with this curve fit is that the independent (X) variable must be in ascending order in the data window. There is no single expression that represents this curve. Therefore, there are no parameters to view or copy. This curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
}
{ Weighted
Description
This function will fit a curve to the data, using the locally weighted Least Squared error method. The result of this curve fit is to plot a best fit smooth curve, through the center of the data. This is an extremely robust fitting technique. Unlike the standard Least Squared error method, this technique is nearly insensitive to outliers. However, this does not come for free. The Weighted curve fit is computationally complex and can take a very long time if you have a lot of data.
The only data restriction associated with this curve fit is that the independent (X) variable must be in ascending order in the data window. There is no single expression that represents this curve. Therefore, there are no parameters to view or copy. This curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
To apply a Weighted curve fit:
1) Choose Weighted from the Curve Fit menu. The Curve Fit Selection dialog will appear. All dependent variables appear under Column Names.
2) Place a check in the checkbox for each variable you want to fit. A command key shortcut (-A) can be used to select all of the variables at once.
3) Each time a variable is selected, a second dialog appears. It allows you to modify the smoothing factor, which controls the fraction of the data population considered during smoothing. The larger this value is, the less individual points will affect the final curve. Typical values are between 33 and 66. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 100.
Note: If the option key is pressed when selecting variables for this fit, the current smoothing factor will be used for each variable. This enables you to select the factor once and set it for the rest of the variables without displaying the second dialog.
4) Click OK to both dialogs. You will return to the plot window and apply a weighted curve to the selected variables.
Note: A command key shortcut (-.) can be used to abort a Weighted curve fit at any time.
}
{ Cubic Spline
Description
Moving left to right along the curve in increasing X, every group of four consecutive data points defines a cubic polynomial equation. A series of these cubic polynomials connected together define a cubic spline curve. Using this curve fit is similar to using a French curve to connect all of the data points.
The only data restriction associated with this curve fit is that the independent (X) variable must be in ascending order in the data window. There is no single expression that represents this curve. Therefore, there are no parameters to view or copy. This curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
}
{ Interpolate
Description
This function fits a curve that passes through the data points and matches the slopes at those points. The advantage of this curve is that it will not produce wild results near an abrupt change of slope, as can happen with the Cubic Spline curve fit.
The only data restriction associated with this curve fit is that the independent (X) variable must be in ascending order in the data window. There is no single expression that represents this curve. Therefore, there are no parameters to view or copy. This curve fit is only available when the plot window contains a Line, Scatter, Double Y, High/Low, Horizontal Bar or Column plot.
}
{Data Menu
The Data menu contains several commands that are used to edit rows and columns in the data window. This menu is not displayed when the plot window is active.
}
{ Overwrite Mode
When this menu item is checked, the default edit mode in the data window is set to overwrite. In overwrite mode, automatic cell selection takes place, so that any data that is entered will replace the data in the current cell.
}
{ Insert Mode
When this menu item is checked, the default edit mode in the data window is set to insert. In insert mode, any data entered will be placed in front of the cursor position in the current cell. No automatic cell selection takes place in this mode; therefore, data is not replaced within the cell.
}
{ Append Column
Selecting this command adds an empty column to the right of the last column in the data window.
Note: If the current cell is in the last column of the data window, pressing the right arrow key will automatically add a new column.
}
{ Insert Column
Selecting this command inserts an empty column to the left of the column currently selected. Columns can be inserted anywhere in the data window using this command.
To insert a column:
1) Select the column which will be preceded by the new column.
2) Choose Insert Column from the Data menu. A blank column will be inserted into the data window.
Columns can also be inserted in another manner:
1) Press the option key. The cursor will appear as follows:
2) Click on any column. A new column will be inserted before the column you selected.
}
{ Delete Column
This command is used to remove selected columns from the data window. You can remove a single column or a group of columns using this command.
To delete a column or a range of columns:
1) Select the column(s) you want to delete.
2) Choose Delete Column from the Data menu. An alert dialog will appear to verify that you want to delete the column(s).
3) Click Yes. The selection will be deleted and the remaining columns will be shifted over to take the place of the deleted selection.
}
{ Insert Row
This command inserts an empty row above the row currently selected. Rows can be inserted anywhere in the data window using this command. A row can be inserted in a single column or in a range of columns.
To insert a row:
1) Make a data selection. If a row is being inserted into a single column or a range of columns, select the cell that should be after the cell being added. If the row will be inserted across the entire data window, select the entire row that will be preceded by the inserted row.
2) Select Insert Row from the Data menu and a row of blank cells will be inserted into the data window.
}
{ Delete Row
This command is used to remove selected rows from the data window. You can remove an entire row or a data selection from the data window.
To delete a row or group of rows:
1) Make a data selection. If you want to remove the entire row from the window, select the row number(s) you wish to delete. If you want to remove a group of cells, select the cells you wish to delete.
2) Either select Delete Row from the Data menu or press the delete key. Selecting Delete Row displays an alert dialog to verify that you want to delete the row(s).
3) Click Yes. The selection will be deleted and the remaining data will be shifted up to take the place of the deleted data.
}
{ Add Rows...
This command is used to add more rows to a data window. This dialog enables you to specify the number of rows to be added to the data window.
• Number of Rows?
This is where you enter the number of rows you wish to add. The number you enter will be rounded up to the next multiple of 128. For example, if you entered a value of 200, the data window would have 256 rows added.
Note: If the current cell is in the last row of the data window, pressing the down arrow or return key adds 128 rows to the data window.
}
{ Compress Rows
This command compresses a data window to its minimum size by deleting all empty rows, following the last physical row of data. Rows are deleted in multiples of 128. A data window will never have less than 128 rows.
}
{ Go To Cell...
This command enables you to go to an exact cell location in the data window. Selecting Go To Cell displays a dialog in order to enter the row and column numbers of the desired cell. When you click OK, the data window will automatically scroll to make that cell position visible.
}
{ Column Format...
Each column in a data window can contain data with a numeric, date, time or text format. Any of these data types can be entered into a data window and used as part of a plot. To modify the current column formats, select Column Format from the Data menu.
• Column Titles
This dialog contains a window which is used to select columns for formatting. To select non-adjacent columns, click on the different column names while pressing the shift or command key . To deselect a column, click on it with the command key pressed. To select a range of columns, click and drag with the mouse.
• Name Field
This field displays the name of the selected column. This field is used to rename column titles. Any changes will become visible after you select a different column or click Done.
Note: Formatting commands for superscripts, subscripts and an alternate font are supported here by preceding the characters to be altered with \u, \d and \f respectively. To return to the default attributes, use \n. The \r characters can be used to force a line break, creating multi-line text labels.
• Done
Clicking in this button will return you to the front most data window after implementing any changes made in this dialog.
• Data Type:
KaleidaGraph supports six data types; Float, Double, Integer, Date, Time and Text. The formats for the Float, Double, Date and Time data types are discussed in the next section. Each of the data types is described below:
- Float - Data will be displayed in one of four different formats with up to
7 significant digits of resolution.
- Double - Data will be displayed in one of four different formats with up to
15 significant digits of resolution.
- Integer - Data will be displayed with up to 9 significant digits of resolution.
- Date - Dates will be displayed in one of eight different formats. Absolute dates are stored in the Apple standard format, seconds since Jan. 1, 1904, with
9 significant digits of resolution.
- Time - Time will be displayed in one of four different formats. Relative time numbers are stored as seconds.seconds with 15 significant digits of resolution.
- Text - Text strings of up to 21 characters in length may be displayed in data cells. The text will be left justified in the data window.
• Format:
The Format pop-up menu is used to specify which format will be used to display the data in a particular column. The options in this menu will change based on the data type selected. This menu will not appear at all for Integer and Text data types.
Float and Double Formats:
- General - Display the numbers as they are entered or imported.
- Fixed - Display the data with a fixed number of decimal places.
- Scientific - Display the data in scientific notation.
- Engineering - Display the data in engineering notation (the exponent will be a multiple of 3).
Float/Double Formats Examples:
General
10000
Fixed
10000.00000
Scientific
1.00000e+04
Engineering
10.000e+03
Date Formats:
When you select a date format, the values in your column are stored numerically as the equivalent number of seconds since Jan. 1, 1904. Leap years are taken into account in calculating the appropriate values. Dates may be displayed as:
Date Formats Examples:
month/d/y
May/16/1992
m/d/y
5/16/1992
d-month-y
16-May-1992
d-m-y
16-5-1992
month/d/y H:M:S
May/16/1992 10:04:33
m/d/y H:M:S
5/16/1992 10:04:33
d-month-y H:M:S
16-May-1992 10:04:33
d-m-y H:M:S
16-5-1992 10:04:33
Time Formats:
When you select a time format, the values in your column are stored numerically as seconds.seconds. Relative time may be displayed as:
Time Formats Examples:
D:H:M:S.S
16:10:04:33.05
H:M:S.S
10:04:33.05
M:S.S
4:33.05
S.S
33.05
Note: If you import date or time data from a file, the format must closely match the actual format shown to enable KaleidaGraph to recognize the column properly. However, variations from the exact format are allowed, if you are entering the data into the data window yourself or pasting the data from the Clipboard (to a column that has been set to a date or time format). Valid separators for the time and date formats include: slashes (/), colons (:), commas (,) and spaces.
• Digits/Decimals:
This pop-up menu determines the number of significant digits or the number of decimal places to be displayed in the data window. The name of the menu depends on the data format selected. For Integer and Text data types, this menu is not shown.
• Show Trailing Zeros
When checked, trailing zeros will be displayed for any data format that uses a decimal point, such as the Time format m:ss.ss. Trailing zeros will be added until the specified number of significant digits is reached. When unchecked, trailing zeros are not shown.
• Decimal Separator
This pop-up menu allows you to choose whether the decimal separator will be a decimal point or a comma. This pop-up menu also gives you the option to display a thousands separator.
• Column Width:
The value entered in this field defines the column width for all of the columns in the front most data window. When the All Windows option is checked, the current column width will be applied to all open data windows.
• Set Default Column Format
Click in this box if you want the current settings to be your default settings.
}
{ Posted Note...
Selecting this menu item displays the Posted Note of the front most data window. The same result can be obtained by clicking on the Posted Note icon in the data window.
}
{Functions Menu
The Functions menu contains several commands that operate on the data window. This menu is not displayed when the plot window is active.
}
{ Ascending Sort...
This command will sort either numeric or text data in ascending order (from low value to high value). KaleidaGraph allows you to sort a column, a range of columns or any selection of data.
In order to perform an ascending sort, make a data selection and choose this menu item. A dialog will appear, allowing you to select which columns to reorder during the sort process. Any columns you highlight before entering this dialog will be preselected for you.
You can also perform a multi-level sort with the use of this command. Simply select a second column and click on 2nd Key. A dialog will be displayed to let you choose the sort order. You can choose a third column key in the same manner.
• Column Listing
The sort dialog contains a window where you can select the columns you wish to sort. To select multiple columns for sorting within this dialog, click on the column name with the shift or command key () pressed. To deselect a column, click on it with the command key () pressed. To select a range of columns for sorting, click and drag with your mouse.
• Sort Keys
These buttons allow you to choose columns to be used in a multi-level sort. Simply select a column and click on the appropriate button. A dialog will be displayed to allow you to choose the sort order for the column or to remove a column from the sort.
- Ascending Order - The column associated with this sort key is sorted from low to high.
- Descending Order - The column associated with this sort key is sorted from high to low.
- Delete Sort Key - Deletes this sort key and shifts any remaining sort keys up one position.
• All
Click in the All button to select every column in your data window for sorting.
}
{ Descending Sort...
This command will sort either numeric or text data in descending order (from high value to low value). KaleidaGraph allows you to sort a column, a range of columns or any selection of data.
In order to perform a descending sort, make a data selection and choose this menu item. The same dialog used for the Ascending Sort will appear, allowing you to select which columns to reorder during the sort process. Any columns you highlight before entering this dialog will be preselected for you.
You can also perform a multi-level sort with the use of this command. Simply select a second column and click on the 2nd Key. A dialog will be displayed to let you choose the sort order. You can choose a third column key in the same manner.
}
{ Create Series...
Use this command to fill a selection in a data window with an arithmetic, geometric or time series of data. A dialog will appear, allowing you to specify the coefficients, starting point, and the ending point of the series. When this command is selected and the data column’s format is either Date or Time, the series definition will use the selected date or time format.
Note: This command will not generate a series in a Text column.
The formula for calculating the current cell value is listed below:
current cell value = increment + (multiplier * previous cell value)
• Initial Value:
This value determines the starting point of the series.
• Increment:
The increment is the value added to the previous cell in the series, to determine the value of the current cell.
• Multiplier:
This is the value by which the previous cell in the series is multiplied, to determine the value of the current cell.
• Final Value:
When checked, the value entered in this field determines the end point of the series. When unchecked, the length of the series is limited by the current selection.
}
{ Transpose
When selected, this command converts columns to rows and rows to columns. For example, if a selection contains 4 columns and 128 rows, it will contain 128 columns and 4 rows after transposing the data.
In order to switch rows and columns:
1) Make a selection in the data window.
2) Choose Transpose from the Functions menu.
The data window will be displayed and the selection will be transposed.
Note: Error messages will occur if either of the following occurs:
• You try to transpose a selection containing text data.
• Your selection contains more than 256 rows, since the data window is limited to a maximum of 256 columns
}
{ Bin Data...
This command provides a Histogram-like binning feature. Selecting Bin Data from the Functions menu displays a dialog which enables you to calculate the number of data points within each bin, based on the number of bins and the specified data range. The binned data distribution can be exported in any one of three formats for plotting or for annotating a plot.
• Bin Data Results
This area displays the values that were used as bin edges and either the number of counts or the percentage in each bin, depending on what is selected for the Y units.
• Min: and Max:
These two values control the minimum and maximum sample values.
• Y Units:
This setting determines whether the units on the Y axis will be in linear units (bin counts) or percentages.
• Copy To Clipboard
Clicking this button will copy the binned data to the Clipboard, using whatever export format is selected.
• Distribution:
The distribution plot graphically displays the binning results.
• # of Bins:
This value determines how many bins will be created.
• Recalculate
When you click in this button, the distribution will be recalculated using any changes you have made in Min, Max or # of Bins.
• Show Sample At:
This setting determines which edge the X values will be placed on the axis.
• Export Format:
This setting determines the export format for the data when it is copied to the Clipboard. The options are:
- Histogram - to be plotted as a Column or Bar chart.
- Step - to be plotted as a Line plot.
- Spike - to be plotted as a High/Low plot.
}
{ Statistics...
Selecting this command displays a dialog containing statistics for the front most data window. This dialog provides a split-screen display so that any two selected columns within the same data window can be compared.
KaleidaGraph also allows you to copy these statistics to the Clipboard. If you wish, you can transpose the statistics so that each statistic becomes a column and the different variables become rows.
• Split-Screen Display
The statistics for any two columns can be compared next to each other by using the scroll bars at the bottom.
• Copy To Clipboard
Clicking in this button will copy the statistics to the Clipboard.
• Transposed
Click in this checkbox to transpose the statistics before copying the data to the Clipboard.
}
{ Mask
This command masks the selected data cell (or group of cells). Masked data will not be plotted or used in curve fits. In the data window, masked data cells will be shaded (with a stipple pattern) to make them stand out from unmasked data cells.
}
{ Unmask
This command unmasks masked data in the selected region of the data window.
}
{Macros Menu
The Macros menu contains 13 default macros and three commands that allow you to add, delete and edit items in the Macros menu and the Macro Library. This menu is not displayed when the plot window is active.
}
{ Show Macros...
Once you have written a program, you can save it in the Macros menu and use it again later. Selecting Show Macros from the Macros menu displays a dialog that is used to add new macros to the menu, to remove macros already present and to rearrange the macros. A maximum of 100 macros can be stored in this menu at once.
Note: The programs stored in the Macros menu are saved, by default, in a file called “KG Macros”. This file is loaded each time KaleidaGraph is launched. Special sets of macros can be created by duplicating and renaming the default macro file. To open a custom file, simply use the Open or Import commands in the File menu.
}
{ Edit Macros...
When you select this menu item from the Macros menu, a dialog appears which is used to select the macro you wish to edit. To create a blank macro for editing, see the previous section.
****************************
It is possible to protect a macro. Protecting a macro is useful if you want to keep others from viewing your macro source code or from editing specific macros. However, a protected macro may not be viewed or edited, EVER.
You protect a macro by selecting it in the Edit Macro dialog and typing command-shift-P. If you wish to make a copy of your source code, you must create that copy before protecting the macro. It is not possible to unprotect a macro that has been protected.
****************************
}
{ Library...
It is possible to view and edit the contents of this library by selecting Library from the Macros menu. The Library will be displayed in the standard text editor. Once you are in the editor, you can edit the current library, open a different library or create a new library.
Sample Macros Library Examples are:
e = exp(1);
; this is a comment
x = m0; this says that x and m0 are the same
av = 6.02e23;
sinh(x) = (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2;
; note that the 'x' in sinh(x) is simply a
; place holder, nothing to do with the 'x'
; defined above.
Whenever you enter any algebraic expression, (Formula and General Curve Fit) the Macro Library will be searched (several times if necessary) until your expression is reduced to a simple set of algebraic operators and functions.
This features is especially useful with the General Curve Fit, since the 256 character limit in that dialog is sometimes too small for a very complicated expression. This is no longer a problem since the curve fit may be defined into a set of smaller macros expressions, in fact, the complete curve fit definition may be defined as one macro!
}
{ Filter
This macro eliminates ‘sports’ or ‘outliers’ from a varying curve. This macro computes a ‘moving-average’ curve with a user-defined window size as the reference curve for comparison against the data.
The goal is to mask data that lies outside of an error band surrounding the reference curve. The error band is composed of two parts, a fixed term and a relative term:
The error band is the value of the reference curve plus and minus Etotal.
• The Input Column specifies the column to be operated on by the macro.
• The Fixed Error and relative % Error entries are shown, as described earlier.
• The Window Size is the number of data points that are averaged around a given point in determining the reference curve.
The outliers are masked and will not be used in further plotting or numerical processing. The Unmask command in the Functions menu can be used to return the column to its original state.
}
{ Smooth
This macro computes a ‘moving average’ of a curve. The resulting column of data is the average of the N-points surrounding the current data point. In this macro, N must be odd. Masked data and empty data cells are not used in the calculations.
• The Input Column specifies the column to be operated on by the macro.
• The Output Column specifies where the results are to be stored.
• The Window Size is the number of data points that are averaged around a given point in determining the output column.
}
{ Simplify
Often you are confronted with large data sets containing sections of data that differ by very small amounts, or even consecutive points that do not differ at all. The Simplify macro masks any consecutive data points that do not differ from the last unmasked value by a certain error. Notice that this is the opposite of what the Filter macro does.
The goal is to mask consecutive data values that lie within an error band surrounding the last unmasked data point. The error band is composed of two parts, a fixed term and a relative term:
The error band is the value of the last unmasked data point, plus and minus Etotal.
• The Input Column specifies the column to be operated on by the macro.
• The Fixed Error and % Error entries are shown, as described above.
}
{ Invert Mask
This macro masks unmasked data and unmasks masked data. This macro is useful, for example, when you use the Filter macro to eliminate outliers, but you are interested in operating on only the outliers. Simply run the Filter macro and then run the Invert Mask macro. Now the outliers are unmasked and the ‘good’ data is masked.
Another use of this macro is when you use the Data Selection tool in the plot window to select a subset of the displayed data. The data not selected is then automatically masked. If you want to operate on the ignored data, use Invert Mask to make masked data unmasked, and vice-versa.
Note: Two consecutive Invert Mask operations return the data window to its initial condition.
}
{ Integrate - Area
This macro performs a definite integral from a lower value to an upper value. In other words, this macro finds the area under a curve, given a lower and upper limit and X-Y data points describing the curve. The area is found by calculating the sum of the trapezoids formed by the data points and, if necessary, interpolating the points forming the lower and upper limits. Masked data and empty data cells are not used in the calculations.
• The X Column and Y Column values specify the columns to be operated on by the macro.
• Xmin and Xmax are the limits of the definite integral.
• Yref is the reference from which the bottoms of the trapezoids are calculated.
}
{ Integrate Area-Curve
This macro performs an indefinite integral, yielding a new curve. In other words, this macro finds the incremental area under a curve, given the X-Y data points describing the curve. The macro then generates a new curve. The area is the sum of the trapezoids formed by the data points and the reference value. Masked and empty data cells are not used in the macro.
• The X Column and Y Column values specify the columns to be operated on by the macro.
• The Output Column specifies where the results are to be stored.
• The Initial Value is the starting value of the resulting curve.
}
{ Derivative
This macro calculates the first derivative of a curve, yielding a new curve. In other words, this macro finds the incremental slope of a curve, given the X-Y data points describing the curve. The macro then generates a new curve. The slope is calculated from the current data point and the following data point. Masked data and empty data cells are not used in the calculations.
• The X Column and Y Column values specify the columns to be operated on by the macro.
• The Output Column specifies where the results are to be stored.
}
{ Series
This macro creates the series:
xo, 2 * xo, 3 * xo, ... (by default, xo = 1)
To create this type of series:
1) Enter the starting value into the first data cell. In this example, 0.75 is used as xo.
2) Make a selection of cells.
3) Select Series from the Macros menu.
}
{ Unit Series
This macro creates the series:
xo, 1 + xo, 2 + xo, ... (by default, xo = 1)
To create a unit series:
1) Enter the starting value into the first data cell. In this example, 0.75 is used as xo.
2) Make a selection of cells.
3) Select Unit Series from the Macros menu.
}
{ π Series
This macro creates the series:
-p/2, ..., -e, +e, ..., +p/2 (where e = p / (# of selected rows))
This is a useful series when using transcendental functions (see sinc(5x) below).
}
{ Sinc(5x)
This macro creates a column containing sin(5x) / (5x).
It is useful to use a column containing the π Series (above) as the x and radian angle measure on the Calculator.
}
{ abs(x)
This macro takes the absolute value of the selected column and replaces the column in place. Masked data and empty data cells are not used in the calculations.
}
{ Random #
This macro generates a series of random numbers between a lower and upper limit. The resulting series of numbers will be stored in c0, the left most column of the current selection.
• The Lower Limit and Upper Limit specify the range over which the random numbers will be distributed.
}
{ Other Macros
The following macros are not in the default “KG Macros” file, but are stored in the Macro Source folder as a text file. You may load these files into the Macro Calculator using either the Program Text menu item from the Import sub-menu (under the File menu) or the Open button in the program editor of the Macro Calculator.
}
{ View General
When this macro is executed, the results of the previous General curve fit are displayed in a dialog.
}
{ View Covariances
When this macro is executed, the covariances for the results of the previous General curve fit are displayed in a dialog.
}
{ Paste Covariances
When this macro is executed, the covariance/correlation matrix of the previous General curve fit is placed in the selected region of the data window. A group of cells must be selected before executing this macro
}
{Windows Menu
The Windows menu contains commands that affect which windows are displayed on the screen.
}
{ Hide Window
The Hide Window command has a sub-menu that lists the names of all open windows. The names are listed in the order they are stacked on the screen, from front to back.
When you choose a window from this sub-menu, that particular window is removed from the desktop, but not removed from memory. Hidden data and plot windows can be re-displayed by selecting their names from the Show Data and Show Plot sub-menus.
}
{ Show Data
This command enables you to bring any data window to the front and make it the active window. The names of hidden data windows appear in italics in the sub-menu for this command. The names of data windows that are not hidden appear in plain text. Selecting the name of a data window causes it to become the front most window on your screen.
}
{ Show Plot
This command enables you to bring any plot window to the front and make it active. The names of hidden plot windows appear in italics in the sub-menu for this command. The names of plot windows that are not hidden appear in plain text. Selecting the name of a plot window causes it to become the front most window on your screen.
}
{ Clipboard
This command displays the Clipboard window, which contains the last item that was cut or copied. When the Clipboard is not currently open, its name appears in italics. The Clipboard can be moved or resized like any other window. To hide the Clipboard, use the Hide Window command or click in its close box.
The contents of the Clipboard remain intact until another selection is cut or copied. The contents also remain when switching between applications. This allows you to easily transfer selections between programs.
}
{ Macro Calculator
This command displays the Macro Calculator. If the Calculator is not currently open, its name appears in italics in the Windows menu. The Macro Calculator can be moved like any other window. To hide it, use the Hide Window command or click in the window’s close box.
}
{ Formula Entry
This command displays the Formula Entry window. When this window is not currently open, its name appears in italics in the Windows menu. The Formula Entry window can be moved like any other window. To hide this window, use the Hide Window command or click in its close box.
}
{ Plot Script
This feature allows you to specify a set of data selections from one or more data windows and direct those selections to a plot template or new plot type. If a plot template contains curve fits and or error bars, so will the new plot, but generated from a different set of data.
This feature is of greatest use when you have a single plot or set of plots that must look a certain way, and you wish to create many of these plots with different sets of input data. The real beauty of this feature, is that it requires NO PROGRAMMING! You simply create a plot the way you want it (or make the default layout generate the proper new plot) and then use the Plot Script window to define "groups" of input data. Each group will generate a plot. The titles and legend names may be specified to override the default ones.
Even if you only generate a simple plot, but do it all the time, you might find the Plot Script very useful by saving several keystrokes and mouse clicks.
}
{ Show All Plots
The Show All Plots command allows you to display all plot windows, using a single menu selection.
}
{ Hide All Plots
The Hide All Plots command allows you to hide all plot windows, using a single menu selection.
}
{ Close All Plots
The Close All Plots command closes all current plot windows, using a single menu selection. If any of the plots have never been saved or if changes have been made to saved plots, a dialog appears to give you the opportunity to save the plots before closing them.
}
{ Edit Keys...
This command gives you the ability to assign or reassign command key equivalents for menu items in KaleidaGraph.
In order to edit a command key equivalent:
1) Select Edit Keys from the Windows menu.
2) Choose a menu item from the scrolling list.
3) Type a valid key from the keyboard. The key you type will become that menu item’s command key equivalent.
Note: Valid keys are: ‘A-Z’, ‘0-9’, ‘[’, ‘]’, ‘-’, ‘=’, ‘\’ and ‘/’. If you select any other key, a bell will sound and nothing will change in the dialog.
If you want to remove a command key assignment, select the menu item from the list and press the delete key or the space bar. You can return to the default settings at any time by clicking on the Defaults button. Command key assignments are saved in the “KG Macros” file.
}
{ Rename...
The Rename command allows you to assign any name you wish to a data or plot window, without having to save it to disk. The new window name will appear in:
• The title bar of the window.
• The Hide Window sub-menu.
• Either the Show Data or Show Plot sub-menus.
Note: You cannot rename the Formula Entry, Macro Calculator, Plot Script or Clipboard windows.
}
{General Curve Fit
• Function
Any function of m0 (y=f(m0); where m0 is the independent variable), that can be described with up to 9 parameters (m1 through m9).
Examples:
m1*m0
m1 + m2*m0
m1*exp(-m2*m0)
The standard “Formula Syntax” is used, including any “Library” macros that may have been defined.
• Description
This one menu item is the single most powerful numerical analysis tool found in KaleidaGraph. You will be hard pressed to find an equivalent feature that runs as fast and interacts as smoothly, in any similar program offered on the Macintosh. In other words, make sure you know how to use this feature!
The General Curve Fit can take a user defined equation, containing up to 9 parameters, and use that equation to model a set of plotted data. Basically, if you can define the form of the equation in the Formula Entry window, you can fit it by using the General Curve Fit feature.
For example, “m1 + m2*m0” will fit a straight line. Here we use ‘m0’ as the independent variable (like ‘X’) and ‘m1’ and ‘m2’ are the parameters. The equation “m1*m0” will fit a straight line through the origin, the slope of which is ‘m1’.
A more complex example is the Gaussian (bell shaped) curve, it can be represented...
This curve is centered on ‘m3’, a deviation (bell width) of ‘m4’ and a peak of ‘m2’. A fixed offset is adjusted with ‘m1’.
• Optimizing Performance
Clearly the General Curve Fit does a lot of work. There are a few things to consider in order to squeeze the most numerical problem solving out of your Mac.
• Initial conditions
A little playing around with the initial conditions will demonstrate that the number of iterations can be reduced by choosing good initial conditions. If your data is noisy, a little smoothing of the curve might generate a cleaner curve and give you better insights into its features. Don’t get carried away in finding good guesses though; the initial conditions are just that, guesses.
Often curves you fit will not have orthogonal parameters, which means that no characteristic kinks and peaks exist for each unique parameter. For example: a general 3rd order polynomial has no characteristics that yield clues to its parameters. The only advice here is to keep the initial conditions nonzero, and at the correct order of magnitude that you might expect (be it 1, 1000, 0.001, etc.).
• Specify Partial Derivatives
Ever wonder when you might use all that clever mathematics you learned in your first course in Calculus. Well, that day has come! Amaze your friends with Calculus trivia.
The algorithm that KaleidaGraph uses in calculating each iteration of the General Curve Fit, requires evaluating the partial derivative of the function with respect to each parameter. If you don’t have Specify Partial Derivatives checked, KaleidaGraph will numerically approximate the derivative for you. If you check Specify Partial Derivatives, the curve fit definition dialog will expand. The nine buttons at the bottom of the dialog allow each partial derivative to be specified in the text edit area above the buttons. The dimmed button indicates which partial is currently being displayed.
The biggest advantage in specifying the partial derivatives, is not so much for speed (sometimes the partial derivative may even be more complicated than two function evaluations) but rather for accuracy. The curve fit algorithm uses these partial derivatives to direct itself where to move after each iteration to find the best solution. In general, sharp deviations in the surface may not be accurately approximated, so the actual partial derivatives are preferred.
You may choose to specify only some of the partial derivatives, but not all of them. (It is better to let KaleidaGraph approximate the partial, rather than specifying the wrong derivative!) An empty partial derivative entry will signal KaleidaGraph to numerically approximate that partial derivative.
• Using Text Files
If you find yourself using a particular set of different equations all the time, you will find it useful to save and open text files containing the function definition and the partial derivatives. Your master disk contains a folder named, Curve Fits, that has a generous assortment of function definitions with their partial derivatives.
The process of loading in a new curve fit definition from a text file is simple. Click on the File... button in the Curve Fit dialog. You will be presented with the now familiar KaleidaGraph text editor. This allows you to edit the function and partials currently loaded into the curve fit dialog in a cut and paste manner. To load in a new equation from a text file, click on the Open... button.
Go to the folder called Curve Fits on your master disk, and select the y=a+b*exp(-(x-c)^2/d^2) file. The text editor will appear. The first line is the function definition, along with the initial conditions. The following lines contain the partial derivatives for m1 through m9, in that order.
Click OK, and you will be returned to the original Curve Fit dialog with the loaded function displayed. (In this case the function was the same function, but with different and inappropriate initial conditions.)
The process of saving a set of definitions is the same, except you click Save... rather than Open... from the text editor.
• Weight Data
If Weight Data is checked, the user will be prompted for a column of error values for each of the curve fit variables selected. These values will then be taken into account when calculating the curve fit parameters. Also, if weights are supplied by the user, error estimates will be automatically calculated for each of the curve fit parameters.
• Further Reading
If this curve fitting stuff gets you all excited, then it is highly recommended you take a look at the excellent book Numerical Recipes in C, William H. Press, Brian P. Flannery, Saul A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling, Cambridge University Press. (For you FORTRAN programmers, Numerical Recipes, is the ticket). Basically, if you ever program with floating point numbers, you should take a look at this reference book.
• Shortcuts/Tips
CMD-period can be used to abort a General Curve fit at any time.
In many applications it is often better to represent X2 as X*X rather than X^2. Since X^2 can be calculated via logs, a negative X is not allowed, but X*X will work for all X. However, KaleidaGraph’s power function (y^x) is smart, and tests to see if the exponent is an exact integer and performs repetitive multiplications instead of logs if the exponent is an exact integer.
The General Curve Fit uses the Calculator, ALL of the Calculator. Almost all memory registers, alpha registers and program space are clobbered when a General fit is performed. You have been warned!
}
{ Default Fit Library
Following is a list of the default Library definitions that are supplied in the "KG Macros" document. The actual macros may be viewed and/or edited by selecting “Library...” from the Macros Menu.
• Note: a0, b0, etc. represent initial conditions.
Variable Definitions
x = m0;
a = m1;
b = m2;
c = m3;
d = m4;
Linear curve fit through the origin
y = a * x
line0fit(a0)
Linear curve fit
y = a +b * x
linefit(a0, b0)
Exponential base e curve fit
y = a * exp(b * x)
expfit(a0, b0)
Exponential base 10 curve fit
y = a * 10^(b * x)
exp10fit(a0, b0)
Exponential base n curve fit
y = a * n^(b * x)
expnfit(n, a0, b0)
Exponential-Cosine curve fit
y = a * exp(-b*x) * cos(c*x + d)
expcosfit(a0, b0, c0, d0)
Exponential-Exponential curve fit
y = a * exp(-b*x) + c * exp(-d*x)
expexpfit(a0, b0, c0, d0)
General Exponential curve fit
y = a + b * (1 - exp(-c*x))
genexpfit(a0, b0, c0)
Cosine curve fit
y = a + b * cos(c*x + d)
cosfit(a0, b0, c0, d0)
Gaussian curve fit
y = a + b * exp(-(x - c)^2 / d^2)
gaussfit(a0, b0, c0, d0)
Power curve fit
y = a * x^b
powerfit(a0, b0)
Log base 10 curve fit
y = a + b * log(x)
logfit(a0, b0)
Log base e curve fit
y = a + b * ln(x)
lnfit(a0, b0)
Log base n curve fit
y = a + b * logn(x, n)
lognfit(n, a0, b0)
}
{ Curve Fit Syntax
See “Formula Syntax”.
}
{Formula Syntax
The Formula Syntax is used both in the Formula Entry window as well as in the General Curve Fit definition.
}
{ Operators
Formula Operators in order of precedence:
^ raise to a power
* multiply
/ divide
% modulo
+ add
- subtract
< less than
<= less than or equal to
> greater than
>= greater than or equal to
== equal to
!= not equal to
&& logical and
|| logical or
?: conditional
[] matrix
• ^ This operator raises the preceding value to the specified power.
• < This operator compares two values to see if one is less than the other.
Examples: mask(c1 < 3, c1), unmask(c2 < -12, c3), etc.
• <= This operator compares two values to see if one is less than or equal to the other.
Examples: mask(c4 <= c5, c6), unmask(c2 <= 23, c12), etc.
• > This operator compares two values to see if one is greater than the other.
Examples: mask(c1>1, c0), unmask(c4 > c3), c5), etc.
• >= This operator compares two values to see if one is greater than or equal to the other.
Examples: mask(c12 >= 12.34, c12), unmask(c11 >= -5, c11), etc.
• == This operator compares two values to see if they are equal to each other.
Examples: mask(c1 == 4, c1), unmask(c3 == c2, c1), etc.
• != - This operator compares two values to see if they are not equal to each other.
Examples: mask(c2 != c4, c2), unmask(c3 != 2, c3), etc.
• && This operator performs a logical “and” on two boolean expressions. The result of both expressions must be true (non-zero) for the logical “and” to be true.
• || This operator performs a logical or on two boolean expressions. The result of either expression must be true (non-zero) for the logical “or” to be true.
It is not necessary to enter starting and ending values if you want to use all of the rows or columns in the calculation. If the starting and ending values are missing before or after the comma in the operator, the entire range of rows or columns will be used to determine the result.
• inorm (x) - Determines the inverse of the normal distribution for a number between 0 and 100%.
Examples: inorm(25), inorm(m2), c10 = inorm(c9), etc.
• invcos (x) - Determines the inverse cosine of a number. The number is in radians or degrees, based on the setting in the Formula Entry window.
Examples: invcos(.5), invcos(m3), c6 = invcos(c5), etc.
• invsin (x) - Determines the inverse sine of a number. The number is in radians or degrees, based on the setting in the Formula Entry window.
Examples: invsin(.219), invsin(m0), c15 = invsin(c10), etc.
• invtan (x) - Determines the inverse tangent of a number. The number is in radians or degrees, based on the setting in the Formula Entry window.
Examples: invtan(1), invtan(m2), c9 = invtan(c8), etc.
• ln (x) - Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of a number.
Examples: ln(8), ln(m5), c12 = ln(c9), etc.
• log (x) - Calculates the common logarithm (base 10) of a number.
Examples: log(20), log(m10), c18 = log(c15), etc.
• norm (x) - Determines the normal distribution of a number between 0 and 100%.
Examples: norm(23), norm(m5), c7 = norm(c5), etc.
• pi - Represents the value of π (3.1415926...).
Example: c10 = pi * c9, c11 = 3 * pi * c9, etc.
• ran () - Generates a random number between 0 and 1.
Examples: c15 = ran(), c9 = c8 * ran(), etc.
• rsum (col#) - Computes the running sum of a column.
Example: c3 = rsum(c2), c10 = rsum(c9), etc.
• sin (x) - Determines the sine of a number. The number is in radians or degrees, based on the setting in the Formula Entry window.
Examples: sin(45), sin(m6), c11 = sin(c10), etc.
• sqrt (x) - Calculates the square root of a number.
Examples: sqrt(192), sqrt(m9), c6 = sqrt(c5), etc.
• table (x, x col#, y col#) - The table command performs a linear approximation of a number (x) based on the data in two columns. The result is that for a given x, this function will return an estimate for y. The order of the columns determines what value is returned. This function has the following constraints:
- You cannot have masked or empty cells in either the xcol or ycol.
- ycol = f(xcol) may only describe a single value function.
- It will not operate on a subset of rows within a column.
Examples: table(2.5, c0, c1), c4 = table(c3, c0, c1), etc.
• tan (x) - Determines the tangent of a number. The number is in radians or degrees, based on the setting in the Formula Entry window.
Examples: tan(68), tan(m10), c5 = tan(c4), etc.
}
{ Statistics Functions
Statistics Functions:
cmin() cmax()
csum() kurtosis()
mean() median()
npts() rms()
skew() std()
stderr() var()
• cmin (x) - Determines the minimum value within the specified data.
Note: The answer provided by these functions will only be accurate if x is within the original range of data. If x lies outside of the original range, the answer is linearly interpolated.
}
{ Special Functions
Special Functions:
execute()
macro()
mask()
name()
script
unmask()
• execute ("filename") - This function loads a formula or formula script into the Posted Note and executes it.
Examples: execute ("Sample script"), execute ("quad formula"), etc.
• macro (" ") - This function allows you to execute a macro by name.
Examples: macro("Simplify"), macro("Invert Mask"), etc.
• mask (logical expression, col#) - Masks the cells in the specified column if the expression is true.
Examples: mask(c4 > 1.25, c6), mask(c9 != c11, c14), etc.
• name (" ", col#) - This command uses the text string given to name the specified column.
Examples: name("Y-Error", c2), name("Residuals", c11), etc.
• script ("filename") - This function loads and runs the specified script. If no name is given, the current script is executed.
Examples: script("Scatter Plot Script"), script("Temperature"), script(), etc.
• unmask (logical expression, col#) - Unmasks the cells in the specified column if the expression is true.
Examples: unmask(c2 == c4, c5), unmask(c2 < 4, c3), etc.
}
{ Library Functions
The Library menu lists all of the definitions that are present in the current Library. If a custom library is currently open, this menu will contain the definitions for that library. If a library is not open, this menu will be empty.
}
{Calculator Commands
Calculator Commands:
+ - * /
ADD nn SUB nn MUL nn DIV nn
ADDi nn SUBinn MULi nn DIVi nn
STO nn RCL nn stor nn rclr nn
STOv nnn RCLv nnn STOi nn RCLi nn
CLRv nnn CLRi nn Mv nnn UMv nnn
MI nn UMi nn STOa n RCLa n
Ncol nnn getcell setcell Enter
LBL nn GTO nn GTOi nn XEQ nn
XEQi nn RTN DSE nn ISG nn
+/- x<>y abs mod
x^2 sqrt 1/x log
ln exp 10^x y^x
r->p p->r ->deg ->rad
cos sin tan inv-cos
inv-sin inv-tan
FIX n SCI n x > y x <= y
x != y x = y x >= y x < y
const dconst pi "alpha"
ran# ibase version
CM int frac size
index tbl rsum nnn
prmt n view n inpt n text n
peek nn
cmin cmax csum npts
mean median rms std
var stderr skew kurtosis
lin nnn poly nnn logr nnn expr nnn
pow nnn smh nnn wgt nnn spln nnn
gen nnn genf nnn intp nnn
entry exit end up
down abort R/S STOP
norm inorm sload srun
ifelse bool 0 bool 1 bool 2
bool 3 bool 4 bool 5 bool 6
bool 7 bmv nnn buv nnn
}
{AppleEvents
KaleidaGraph supports the following set of Apple Events:
Note: All of the following appleevents are of Class "QKPT".
• call
This command closes all of the windows, without saving their contents.
• cfns
This command closes the front most window, without saving its contents.
• clos
This command close the specified window, optionally saving its contents.
• epic
This command has several forms and both of the parameters are optional. The syntax for this event is the same as the #PICT/OPT portion of the tscp syntax.
If no parameters are supplied, the front most plot is returned as a PICT. The direct object is text and sets the scale factor, Postscript PICT, high resolution PICT and file parameters. The optional FILE parameter is of typeFSS or typeAlias and allows the PICT to be saved to a file.
Note: The PICT is returned only if a file is not specified.
• gsel
Sets the selection in the front most data window and returns the data contained in it. The selection range is contained in the direct object as white space separated numbers. The syntax for this event is the same as the #COPY portion of the tscp syntax.
• kdoc
Loads in the data file described in either the direct object or the FILE object. If the data file is text, it uses the information in the direct object (or the current text file definition) to read in the file. The optional FILE object is of typeFSS or typeAlias. The syntax for this event is the same as the #DATAFILE portion of the tscp syntax.
• kgqt
This command quits KaleidaGraph as soon as it is possible.
• ldap
Appends the data contained in the direct object to the front most data window. The data is assumed to be tab separated, with data in the first row.
• ldat
Loads the data contained in the direct object into a new data window. The data is assumed to be tab separated, with titles in the first row.
ldnt
Loads the data contained in the direct object into a new data window. The data is assumed to be tab separated, with data in the first row.
• lscp
Loads the plot script specified in either the direct object or the FILE object. This file should be in the plot script folder or specified by a fully qualified path. The optional FILE object is of typeFSS or typeAlias.
• redy
Checks to see if KaleidaGraph is running.
• refd
Sets the reference directory to be the directory specified in the direct object. The direct object may be of type TEXT, typeFSS or typeAlias. If it is of type TEXT, the object should contain a simple text string describing either a full or partial path to the new directory.
The reference directory is used as the base directory for all simple file names and partial path names, except for those describing script files. Script files have their own base directory. This command has no optional parameter.
• rplt
Replots the active plot, using the selection currently specified in the data window.
• rscp
Executes the current plot script.
• ssel
Sets the selection in the front most data window. The selection range is contained in the direct object as white space separated numbers. The syntax for this event is the same as the #SELECTION portion of the tscp syntax.
• selw
Select a window by either name or position.
• tscp
Executes the text script contained in the direct object. The syntax for this command is listed in the next section. All of the commands can be used to write a formula script in the Posted Note of the Formula Entry window.
Note: By default, the contents of a text script are treated as formula commands, unless one of the commands described in the next section is used to change its meaning.
• wlis
Get the name of one or more windows in the list. If a position is not specified the entire window list will be returned.
}
{Scripting
The following scripting commands can be used in the formula posted note and in the 'tscp' appleevent.
Definitions
BOOLEAN yes/no/true/false
STRING "255 character string surrounded by quotes"
Note: You have the option of using or not using the equals sign (=) in this syntax. Anywhere the equals sign is used, the command is also valid without it.
Commands
#CLOSE - This command closes the front most visible window, without saving its contents. The syntax for this command follows:
#CLOSE
#CLOSE/ALL - This command closes all visible windows, without saving their contents. The syntax for this command follows:
#CLOSE/ALL
#COPY - This command copies the current selection in the front most data window to the Clipboard. You may optionally specify a selection as part of the command options. If no selection is specified, the current selection in the window is used. You may also specify whether to get column titles in addition to any data. The syntax for this command follows:
The numbers should be separated by any white space character(s). As a special case, if Start Row has the value of -1, the entire window will be selected. The current cell in the data window is moved to the location specified by Start Row, Start Column. The selection addresses for both row and column positions begin at 0 and are counted from the upper left corner of the data window (position 0,0). The default action is not to return titles.
Example: Copy the selection in rows 5-15, columns 1-3 (no titles)
#COPY
5 15 1 3
#END
Example: Copy the selection in rows 0-10, columns 1-2 (with titles)
#COPY
title = true 0 10 1 2
#END
#DATA - This command contains numbers in columns, separated by tabs. The first row should contain tab separated titles. The syntax for this command follows:
#DATA
(First row contains tab separated titles.)
(The rest of the rows contain tab separated data.)
#END
Example:
#DATA
Time Test#1 Test#2
1.0 38.6 39.7
1.5 41.2 40.9
2.0 42.7 42.3
#END
#DATA/NOTITLE - This command contains numbers in columns, separated by tabs. The first row should contain tab separated data. The syntax for this command follows:
#DATA/NOTITLE
(All rows contain tab separated data.)
#END
Example:
#DATA/NOTITLE
1.0 38.6 39.7
1.5 41.2 40.9
2.0 42.7 42.3
#END
#DATAFILE - This command loads the data file named in the string. If the file is a text file, it is loaded using the specified parameters. The syntax for this command follows:
#DATAFILE
file = STRING (fully or partially qualified path name)
delimiter = tab/space/special/STRING
skip = # (the number of lines to be skipped)
read_titles = BOOLEAN
del_number = #
0 -> del == 1
1 -> del >= 1
2 -> del >= 2
3 -> del >= 3
title_format = STRING
data_format = STRING
#END
Example:
#DATAFILE
file = “ ”
delimiter = special
skip = 0
read_titles = TRUE
title_format = 3(a)
data_format = A f3 2(A v)
#END
#FORMULA - This command contains a list of standard formulas, with a semi-colon following each. The syntax for this command follows:
#FORMULA
(List of standard formulas.)
#END
Example:
#FORMULA
c3 = (c1 + c2) /2;
name(“Average”, c3);
#END
#MERGEFILE - This command loads the data file named in the string, starting at the specified row and column position. The file is loaded using the specified parameters. The syntax for this command follows:
#MERGEFILE
file = STRING (fully or partially qualified path name)
delimiter = tab/space/special/STRING
skip = # (the number of lines to skip)
read_titles = BOOLEAN
del_number = #
0 -> del == 1
1 -> del >= 1
2 -> del >= 2
3 -> del >= 3
title_format = STRING
data_format = STRING
position = # # (row number and column number separated by a tab)
The numbers should be separated by any white space character(s). As a special case, if Start Row has the value of -1, the entire window will be selected. The current cell in the data window is moved to the location specified by Start Row, Start Column. The selection addresses for both row and column positions begin at 0 and are counted from the upper left corner of the data window (position 0,0). The default action is not to paste titles.
Note: If the clipboard contains binary KaleidaGraph data, then the title setting will be ignored and the clipboard data format will be used instead.
Example: Paste over the selection in rows 5-15, columns 1-3 (no titles)
#PASTE
5 15 1 3
#END
Example: Paste the contents of the clipboard into the front data window at row 10, column 2.
#PASTE
title = true 10 10 2 2
#END
#PICT - This command exports the topmost plot window via the Clipboard or Apple Event. The syntax for this command follows:
#PICT
#PICT/OPT - This command exports the topmost plot window via the Clipboard or Apple Event, using the specified parameters. The syntax for this command follows:
#PICT/OPT
scale = # (ranging from 1 to 1000)
post_pict = BOOLEAN
hires_PICT = BOOLEAN
file = STRING
#END
Example:
#PICT/OPT
scale = 100
post_pict = TRUE
hires_pict = FALSE
file = “ ”
#END
#PLOT_PRINT - This command prints the frontmost plot window.
#PAGE_PRINT - This command prints the frontmost plot windows using the current show page layout.
#SCRIPT - This command can be used to either load in a specific script file or create a script from scratch. The syntax for this command follows:
#SCRIPT
file = STRING
(Load in the script file. This file should be in the script folder.)
x/y/y2 axis limits # #
x/y/y2 axis title STRING
x/y/y2 axis auto
x/y/y2 axis linear/log
auto_print = boolean
print_mode = single/show_page
auto_save = boolean
save_mode with_data
without_data
pict
bitmap
macpaint
prefix = STRING
plot_type = bar box
column double_y
hilo histogram
line percentile
pie polar
probability scatter
stack_bar stack_column
xy_probability
begin_group
title = STRING
legend = STRING
legend = STRING
legend = STRING
legend = STRING
legend = STRING
x = # (select X column number)
y = # (select Y column number)
y = #
y2 = #
y2 = #
window = #
(Specify a data window for plotting. The default is the front most data window. The last window specified is remembered until a new script is encountered or a new window number is specified.)
end_group
(Add as many groups as you need to the script. Each group creates a new plot.)
#END
Example:
#SCRIPT
auto_print = FALSE
auto_save = TRUE
save_mode = with_data
prefix = “1/31 Group”
plot_type = scatter
begin_group
title = “Lot 10938”
x = 0
y = 1
y = 2
window = 2
x = 0
y = 1
y = 2
end_group
begin_group
title = “Lot 10939”
window = 3
x = 0
y = 2
y = 3
end_group
#END
#SELECTION - This command sets the selection in the front most data window. The syntax for this command follows:
#SELECTION
Start_Row End_Row Start_Column End_Column
#END
The numbers should be separated by any white space character(s). As a special case, if Start Row has the value of -1, the entire window will be selected. The current cell in the data window is moved to the location specified by Start Row, Start Column. The selection addresses for both row and column positions begin at 0 and are counted from the upper left corner of the data window (position 0,0).
Example: Set the selection to rows 5-15, columns 1-3
#SELECTION
5 15 1 3
#END
#SET_DIRECTORY - This command sets the default directory. The syntax for this command follows:
#SET_DIRECTORY
directory = STRING (STRING is a fully or partially qualified path to the desired directory. NOTE: the path should end in a colon (:) if the last name is not a file.)
